120 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
Mr. J. C. Crawford determined a parasite reared from this species 
as belonging to the family Ceraphronide, but on account of the 
crushed condition of the insect the species was unrecognizable. 
Many of the parasites reared from this scale belonged to the family 
Encyrtide and were sent to Mr. A. A. Girault for determination; 
they all proved to be one species, Signiphora pulchra Girault MS. 
The following is a complete list of the parasites reared by the writer 
from the grape scale: Ablerus clisiocampe Ashm.; <Ablerus n. sp., 
Physcus varicornis How., Physcus sp., Azotus marchali How., Cocco- 
phagus n. sp., Aphelinus fuscipennis How., Centrodora sp., Pros- 
paltella murtfeldtii How., Signiphora pulchra Girault MS. The scale 
was also found infested with the predaceous mite T'yroglyphus sp. 
PREVENTIVES AND REMEDIES. 
LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 
The lime-sulphur spray mixture is one of the most important 
insecticides used by the fruit grower in combating scale insects. It 
is prepared as follows: 
FORMULA. 
Stone, lame! se" 8 eco cs ego See ae ia are eee one pounds.. 20 
Sulphur (flowers7or flour ee ee eee tee ee dois 5 
Waiter toma kes sos. 2 cae h ane, io Ste eee ae Ree ee gallons.. 50 
First heat in a kettle or caldron about one-third the quantity of 
water required. When the water is hot, add all the lime and immedi- 
ately add all the sulphur. The latter, however, should have been 
previously put through a fine-mesh sieve in order to eliminate the hard 
lumps, and have been mixed into a stiff paste with water. When the 
lime has slaked, about another one-third of the water should be 
added and the cooking should continue for from 40 minutes to 1 
hour; then the remainder of the water should be added. The solution 
should always be strained in order to eliminate the lumps and lessen 
the danger of clogging the nozzles. 
SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 
The self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture is made by the heat generated 
in slaking the lime, and may be used for spraying infested vines in 
foliage. 
FORMULA. 
hanenbnnenets ste ert os Ae it sce oon ete ke pounds.. 8 
Sulphuri(lowersor flour): .):. -S<a)4e tinct 2: Ae eee doused «8 
Wraltem topmake stesso Se es see he 2t.y od chet gallons.. 50 
Place the lime in a 50-gallon barrel, add 2 or 3 gallons of cold water, 
then add the sulphur, which should have been previously screened. 
Stir the mixture occasionally and add more water if the solution 
