“THE CODLING MOTH ON PEARS IN CALIFORNIA, 1 74 
SPRING BROOD OF MOTHS. 
It is probable that the first adult appeared in 1909 about March 23. 
On this date an apparently freshly shed pupal skin was found, and 
another was found in the field on March 27. Bartlett pears were at 
this time just aboutin full bloom. The first moths were seen in the field 
onApril17. During spraying operations in a pear orchard three active 
moths were seen in the trees in the early forenoon. Others were seen 
on April 19, and on May 5 several were observed among trees in the 
corner of the orchard near the packing shed. ‘The first moth appeared 
at the laboratory on April 9 from the lot of pupz collected in the field 
March 11 to 22. These pupz were kept in glass jars out of doors, but 
some were injured, and only three moths emerged, namely, on April 
9, 13, and 14. The individual records show moths emerging from 
April 17 to May 30 (detailed in Tables I, IT, and III). This material 
was kept in jars out of doors in the shade. 
On May 6, 1909, several bands which had been on trees over 
winter were removed, and these, as also the trunks of the trees, exam- 
ined closely. Thirty-six shed pupal skins were found, but no larve or 
pupe, indicating that most of the moths had emerged by this time. 
In the spring of 1910 moths emerged in numbers somewhat earlier 
than in 1909. Individuals were seen in the orchard April 9, during 
spraying, although no moths emerged at the laboratory until April 14. 
At Suisun, Cal., April 5, while examining the trunks of trees for the 
presence of larvee and pupx, many apparently freshly shed pupal 
skins were found on the bark. The next day, April 6, at Courtland, 
Sacramento County, Cal., shed pupal skins were even more apparent 
in comparison with the number of larve and pupee found on the trees. 
At this time in the two last-mentioned places the petals had been off 
the trees for some days, and it is generally conceded that these 
sections are a week or ten days earlier than in the vicinity of Walnut 
Creek. Table IV shows the emergence of moths from overwintering 
larve at Walnut Creek, Cal., 1909-10. 
TasLe 1V.—Emergence of moths from overwintering larve, Walnut Creek, Cal., 1909 
and 1910. 
Number of | Number of | Number of | | Number of 
moths | | moths || moths moths 
Date. emerging— Date. | emerging— | Date. emerging— Date. emerging— 
1909 | 1910 1909 | 1910 1909 | 1910 1909 | 1910 
| 
Apr. 14. ..| 7 2 || MGQGS 0 5 || May 8... 1 | 0 | May 20... 1 | 0 
ie re lfc Ores.) it 3 eet eae 2 Ma Ol. sO 
iG de 0 | 9 || 2 0 3 10 3 1 O08 1 0 
reel, 40)! 9 29... 0 1 ii? 2 I 23): - 0 0 
SEA Ohl) SFO 30). - 0 8 ea a 1 | 24. 2 0 
LOS. 0 | Ly May “ee 2 0 13. 2 0 D5 2 0 
2021s 24) 9 Dae 3 3 14. 1 | 1 26 3 0 
CANES 1 | 7 Bee i 4 15... 0 0 DMNis-- I ) 
220 1 11 43) 4 | 1652 0 0 | 28)... 2 0 
DBs. 0 5 ete 4 L Ses ! 0 29 2 0 
pe il ) 6.. 6 5 ice: 0 0 || a0 nee 2 0 
25 0 0 Thon 5 3 is ae 1 0 | Blase 0 0 
| | | | 
79397°—Bull. 97, pt 2—11——2 
