THE CODLING MOTH ON PEARS IN. CALIFORNIA. Pall 
full-grown larvee were found under bands on 10 apple trees. The time 
from leaving fruit to pupation for this brood, averaging 7} days, 
would indicate that the first full-grown larve left fruit in late May. 
Band records and data obtained by bringing in quantities of wormy 
fruit picked from trees in May showed a maximum number of first- 
brood larve leaving fruit June 14 to 26. However, later-maturing 
larvee of this brood left fruit as late as July 21. 
In the summer of 1910 many full-grown larve had left the fruit 
prior to the Ist of June. At Walnut Creek ca June 1, 4 pup and 
248 larve were taken from the bands on 11 apple trees, and at 
Suisun on June 3, 10 pupz and 45 larve were taken from bands on 
15 pear trees. 
Larval life in cocoon.—The time spent from leaving fruit to pupating 
varied from 3 to 23 days, with an average of 74 days. These records 
were made from 165 larve which left fruit from June 7 to July 21 
and kept in large shell vials out-of-doors. The records for 110 
individuals will be seen in Table VII. All larvae were put in vials 
with bits of paper and cloth, and the vials turned upside down on a 
glass plate for a few days. The larvee usually ‘‘cocooned” within 24 
hours after leaving the fruit and the records show the normal time. 
After the cocoon had been made the vials were placed open end up 
and covered with cheesecloth. 
FIRST-BROOD PUP. 
Time of pupation.—The first pupe were found in the field June 5, 
1909, when a total of 7 were taken with 49 larve under bands from 
21 pear and 10 apple trees. In 1910 pupe were found June 1 and 
were plentiful in the vicinity of Suisun and Walnut Creek by June 5. 
At the laboratory the first larva pupated June 12, which had left 
fruit on June 7. The maximum number of pupze from material 
collected under bands and larve leaving fruit at the laboratory 
occurred from June 20 to 30. 
Length of pupal period—Records kept out-of-doors for 165 indi- 
viduals gave a minimum of 10 days and a maximum of 27 days with 
an average of 164 days for the time spent in the pupal stage. The 
records for 110 individuals will be found in Table VII. 
The total time from leaving fruit to the emergence of adults varied 
from 20 to 47 days, averaging 25.69 days for the individuals under 
observation. 
