66 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
bands extending across the fourth and fifth abdominal segments, 
these bands not being present in the western form. The eastern 
insect has been known as an enemy to peach trees in the Eastern 
States for almost 200 years, as is evidenced by the numerous accounts 
which have appeared in horticultural and entomological journals. 
It is distributed throughout the eastern and middle-western peach- 
erowing sections and undoubtedly has been introduced into Cali- 
fornia on nursery stock, although it does not yet seem to have 
become established there. The California and eastern borers choose 
similar food plants and attack and injure trees in the same ways, 
and the methods of control are therefore similar. The California 
borer is apparently a western American form exclusively and a 
native of the Western States. It is considered a serious pest only 
in limited areas in the San Francisco Bay district. 
The writer endeavors to discuss in this paper what is known of the 
distribution of the California peach borer, its life history, its food 
plants, its parasites, and the best known artificial measures of con- 
trol. He wishes to express his thanks to those of his associates, 
Messrs. Charles T. Paine and P. R. Jones, who have at different 
times helped in making the life-history records, and to various orchard- 
ists who have furnished trees for the purpose of experiments and who 
have helped to make the work practical. 
DISTRIBUTION AND FOOD PLANTS. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
The California peach borer has been known to entomologists since 
1881, when Henry Edwards collected a few specimens and described 
the species as d’geria opalescens,! and since then it has been known 
variously as Sanninoidea opalescens and S. pacifica Riley. In his 
first account of the insect, Henry Edwards told of having collected 
three male specimens in Virginia City, Nev., and he also had one 
type female, which had been collected by Morrison and was listed 
from Colorado. Later, Beutenmiiller gave, as the habitat of the 
species, Oregon, California, and Nevada. Mr. F. X. Williams, for- 
merly of the California State Commission of Horticulture, has col- 
lected one specimen at Donner Lake, Nevada County, Cal., at an 
elevation of 6,000 feet. He has also collected many specimens in 
flight near Castello, in Shasta County, at an elevation of 2,000 feet. 
Other collectors of Lepidoptera have also taken it in these same 
mountainous sections of California. The insect is known as a pest 
only in the Santa Clara Valley and in Alameda and San Mateo 
Counties, whose areas lie close around the southern arm of San 
Francisco Bay. 
1 See description, p. 78. 
