' THE CALIFORNIA PEACH BORER. 87 
Formula No. 3.—Lime, coal tar, and whale-oil soap: Unslaked lime 50 pounds, 
coal tar 1} gallons, whale-oil soap 12 pounds. Slake the lime in warm water and add 
the gas tar while the mixture is boiling; dissolve the soap separately in hot water 
and add this to the lime solution. Add enough water to make a heavy paste. 
THE CARBON BISULPHID TREATMENT.: 
Carbon bisulphid has been recommended extensively, but its use is 
now discouraged. Moisture conditions in the soil are so variable that 
no set rule to determine the amount of liquid which shall be used can 
be followed, and if the treatment should be preceded by a rain, or if 
the ground be especially damp, the gas-treated soil can not be left 
around the tree without immediate injury. The carbon bisulphid 
method has been more or less successful when an orchardist has done 
his own work for several years and when he himself places the charge 
and recognizes the danger. Serious damage is most likely to follow if 
the remedy is applied by an inexperienced man. Another disadvan- 
tage of the carbon bisulphid treatment is that it does not remove the 
dead or decaying bark above after the cambium layers have been 
killed by the borers. Hand cutting is never practiced after this treat- 
ment, and the tree can never heal its wound as it does when the dead 
bark is cut away. 
METHODS USED AGAINST THE EASTERN PEACH BORER. 
Some of the methods of treating the eastern peach borer have been 
used, but with little success. Paris green and glue washes have nearly 
always injured the trees. Paris green is not valuable as an insecticide 
against borers because the larve do not take any part of the wash 
directly into their stomachs. Hydraulic cement has been used for 
the purpose of placing a hard coating over the bark so the borers can 
not penetrate through into the tree. It has been used apparently 
with only negative results. The hard covering of cement cracks 
easily as the tree expands and offers little or no resistance to the 
borers. Numerous combinations of rosin and white or green paints 
have proved of no value, and there usually follows some injury to the 
trees. ‘‘Mounding” as practiced in the Eastern States consists in 
building up a cone-shaped pile of dirt around the lower trunks. This 
is done during the early spring or summer, and its object is to force 
moths to oviposit high up in the crown of the trees. The young larvee 
are thus deceived and enter the bark usually high up under this loose 
soil and are easily exposed when later the mound of dirt is removed. 
This method is not practiced against the California peach borer, 
although it might be used with success. Surrounding the tree with 
paper or other wrappings has been practiced commonly in the East, 
but not successfully in California. The long, dry California summers, 
which necessitate constant spring and summer cultivation, tend to 
lessen the effectiveness of such wrapping or mounding. 
