THE GRAPE SCALE. bry 
and an equally brief period of activity of the winged male, is passed 
under the protection of a waxy covering, closely applied to the host 
plant. The female is wingless throughout her life. The adult 
winged male appears in June. The winter is passed by the insects in 
a nearly full grown condition. Our observations show that there is 
only a single brood of larvee each year. It also appears that this 
species does not deposit eggs, as has been thought, but that the 
female is viviparous. 
Some newly born larve (fig. 26) 
were placed on a grape cane in 
order to ascertain the length of the 
active stage. The crawling “lice”’ 
were kept under occasional observa- 
tion and at the end of 24 hours all were 
still moving, but after 48 hours all lice had 
settled down and had already begun the 
excretion of the white waxy covering. The 
scale formed over the young insect is 
whitish in color and appears to have two 
rings on its dorsal surface. The edge of the 
scale is closely cemented to the bark of the 
twig. 
Many larve were examined to ascertain 
how fully the lobes were developed. When 
one day old, well-developed median lobes 
were found to be present. 
DESCRIPTION.! 
Scale of female (Pl. XVIII, fig. 2).—Yellowish- 
brown, slightly lighter than the bark of the vine, 
diameter 1.1 to 1.7 mm., circular and comparatively 
flat, exuvize bright yellow, subcentral. 
Scale of male (P|. XVIII, fig. 2).—Elongate, length 
0.9 to 1.0 mm., width 0.5 mm., exuviz to one side, Fic. 26.—The grape scale: Newly 
slightly darker and more convex than female scale. hatched larva, ventral view, show- 
Adult female (P1. XVIII, fig. 3)—From 1 to 1.4mm. eee dar ones hao 
in length, oval. Anal plate 0.4 mm. broad at base more enlarged. (Original.) 
by 0.23mm. long. Median lobes prominent, more or 
less parallel, slightly diverging at tip, notched on each margin, with inner notch fairly 
prominent and slightly elevated; lateral lobes wanting or rudimentary, as is the case 
with ancylus; two distinct lateral incisions present; paraphyses of first incision conspicu- 
ous, inner the largest, pear-shaped; paraphyses of second incision much smaller; 
plates minute, obscure; spines on dorsal surface strongly developed, one on median 
lobe, one cephalad of each incision, and one halfway to the penultimate segment, 
ventral spines smaller and lateral of dorsal spines; anal opening small, circular, about 
two and one-half lobes length from tip of median lobes; paragenitals, median 0-4, 
anterior laterals 4-9, posterior laterals 3-7; dorsal pores present in three rows, first con- 
1 Prepared by Mr. E. R. Sasscer, of the Bureau of Entomology. 
