120 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
Mr. J. C. Crawford determined a parasite reared from this species 
as belonging to the family Ceraphronide, but on account of the 
crushed condition of the insect. the species was unrecognizable. 
Many of the parasites reared from this scale belonged to the family 
Mymaride and were sent to Mr. A. A. Girault for determination; they 
all proved to be one species, Signiphora pulchra Girault. 
The following is a complete list of the parasites reared by the writer 
from the grape scale: Ablerus clisiocampse Ashm.; Ablerus n. sp., 
Physcus varicornis How., Physcus sp., Azotus marchali How., Cocco- 
phagus n. sp., Aphelinus fuscipennis How., Centrodora sp., Pros- 
paltella murtfeldtii How., Signiphora pulchra Girault. The scale was 
also found infested with the predaceous mite T’yroglyphus sp. 
PREVENTIVES AND REMEDIES. 
LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 
The lime-sulphur spray mixture is one of the most important 
insecticides used by the fruit grower in combating scale insects. It 
is prepared as follows: 
FORMULA. 
Stomevlime 22a. sass serder teenage teseacete ce rite ee pounds.. 20 
Sulphur (lowersiortlour) fe. aa nesoseee ee eee eee ees dot? #5 
Water to maken Te.5les cern Stan = ence aroere ee eee ce gallons. . 50 
_ First heat in a kettle or caldron about one-third the quantity of. 
water required. When the water is hot, add all the lime and immedi- 
ately add all the sulphur. The latter, however, should have been 
previously put through a fine-mesh sieve in order to eliminate the hard 
lumps, and have been mixed into a stiff paste with water. When the 
lime has slaked, about another one-third of the water should be 
added and the cooking should continue for from 40 minutes to 1 
hour; then the remainder of the water should be added.. The solution 
should always be strained in order to eliminate the lumps and lessen 
the danger of clogging the nozzles. 
SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 
The self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture is made by the heat generated 
in slaking the lime, and may be used for spraying infested vines in 
foliage. 
FORMULA. 
S LOM EMI C7 Ue errs sity.. Se oath ae we ann tS erie Sinaia Bs pounds.. 8 
Sul pinur Glowersiernoun) coco. 5 le, ei Rete « cscs apse ooo dO™ <2 jae 
Warten tor ake se ee peten sect nics a)oo's cio Se errr tetas secs ne ae gallons.. 50 
Place the lime in a 50-gallon barrel, add 2 or 3 gallons of cold water, 
then add the sulphur, which should have been previously screened. 
Stir the mixture occasionally and add more water if the solution 
