THE GRAPE SCALE, PALL 
becomes too thick. As soon as the lime has completely slaked add 
cold water to make the 50 gallons. Strain the liquid before pouring 
it into the spray tank. 
OTHER SPRAYS. 
In addition to the lime-sulphur sprays other contact insecticides 
may be employed, as whale-oil-soap solution, kerosene or crude 
petroleum emulsion, etc. For winter treatment, however, probably 
nothing would be better than the strong lime-sulphur wash above 
mentioned. For some unexplained reason, sulphur sprays when used 
on grapes in foliage produce harmful effects in checking the growth 
of the foliage. When it is desired to treat the grape scale during the 
period of foliage of the vines, the use of whale-oil soap at the rate of 
1 pound to 3 or 4 gallons of water, or of 10 to 12 per cent kerosene 
emulsion, may be advisable. 
There are on the market certain proprietary sprays, known as 
miscible oils, and also concentrated lime-sulphur solutions. These 
have only to be diluted with water and are ready for use. Where but 
a small amount of spraying is to be done, their employment will often 
be found advantageous in preference to making washes at home. 
WHEN TO SPRAY. 
Summer spraying.—The larve appear in the vicinity of Washington 
D. C., about the middle of May, and it is necessary to give the first 
application about one week after their first appearance. Of course 
south of this locality one would expect them to appear a few days 
earlier and north of it a few days later. Close examination has shown 
that the larve are constantly hatching and crawling over the plant 
during a period of about two months, each “‘louse”’ settling down, 
however, within about 48 hours. On May 5, 1910, some grapevines 
which were badly infested with this insect were sprayed with self- 
boiled lime-sulphur wash, only one application being made, and upon 
a later examination only a few living insects were found. On account 
of the habit of the young ‘‘lice”’ of settling under the shreds of dead 
bark it is very difficult to apply the liquid so that it will come into 
contact with all the insects. This makes it advisable to give a second 
and sometimes a third application. 
Winter spraying.—aAs the foliage is very susceptible to burning, the 
stronger caustic sprays must be applied during the dormant period 
of the plants. The concentrated lime-sulphur wash and strong whale- 
oil soap wash, as well as strong kerosene emulsion, are used during 
this season of the year. As the winter is passed by the insects under 
the protective scale covering, an application, in order to be effective, 
must be very thoroughly made. 
