41 



•Mr. WChsti'i- roiisiderc'd llial it was the uplicaNJils, the siiddt'ii aiul 

 froqucnt changt's, that caiiso tlic lioiililc Utv the ccononuc worker. 

 'JMic systcinatist can not proiu'rly carry on liis invest illations witliont 

 a kno\vk'dy;e of the ridation of one species to anotliei-, and sucli work 

 comes within the [)rovince of the iiioi|)liolo.i^is1. Many si)ecies can 

 not be i)roperly and accurately determined without a knowUMl<^c of 

 the larval stages, so that the life history work is very important and 

 slioultl not be overlooked. 



Mr. Fletcher believed that the best accepted check lists should be 

 used in toto by everyone until better ones took their places, and that 

 the good work <lone 1)\' the systematist would be accepted by the 

 economic worker in time as check lists became more and more perfect. 

 He citi'd the work of the ornithologists, wlio, with the small number 

 of species they had to consider, were able to accept a single name 

 without citing an author. This was impossible with the vastly larger 

 number of species of insects. Differences in names did not matter so 

 much if writers would always cite tlie authors when using a scientific 

 name. 



Mr. Cooley next presente<l a i)aper, which is as follows: 



NOTES ON A GRASSHOPPER OUTBREAK IN MONTANA. 

 By R. A. (.VioLKV. liozcmnn. Mimt. 



During the pasti three years grasshoppers and dry weather have 

 been responsible for extensive losses in Montana. These losses have 

 fallen, for the most part, on those citizens interested in the gi-azingof 

 cattle, slieep, and horses ou the fenced and open ranges. Less exten- 

 sive, though serious, damage has been done in the agricultural vallej's, 

 whei-e grain and alfalfa were in some cases completely destroyed. 

 The ti-ouble began three years ago in t.wo localities fully 150 miles 

 apart — one in Carbon County, the other in Rosebud County. In these 

 hx'alities the insects have been steadily multiplying during the tliree 

 years, and eadi locality has increased year by yeai- until, <luring the 

 J )ast season (l!»();j), the advancing boi'der lines met in the vicinity of 

 IJillings, thus making one infested tract fidly l."»n miles in length and 

 of varying widili. 



The affected region may be roughly outlined by stating that it 

 end)raees all that part of Montana drainetl by the Yellowstone Kiver 

 between Miles City and IJigtimbci-, including not only the valley of 

 the Yellowstone, but the valleys of the side streams that come in fr<)m 

 tlie south and most of the cross countries between the tributaries. 



So completely has tlu' grass of the range been taken in some parts 

 of this region that the ranchers hav<' l)<"en obliged to sell their sto<'k 

 at a sacrifice or remove it to distant ranges. Many thousands of .-mi- 

 mals have gone north and south, an<l are now being U'*\ on i-anges 



