45 



adults as well as iiyiiiplisor all sizes were xwy al)mi(laiil. .My (thser- 

 vatioiis wen' not. conclusive asto wiielhei-there wasauaddil ioual brood 

 in the summer; but two broods are provou. To recapitulate: We 

 have nymphs liibernating, i-eaching adult stage latter part of March 

 to mid<lle of Aj)riU eggs deposited al>out Api-il 15 lo June 1, Mym[)lii«; 

 reaching maturity throughout July. These adults probably produce 

 the eggs for the brood of nymphs which hibernate, but I am not cer- 

 tain but what a thii'd brood intervenes. T did not ascei-tain the time 

 of egg-deposition for the hibernating bn)od of nymphs. 



Details in the life history of Liburnia lutulenta are vii-tually the 

 same as for Ij. cinnpestris. The two species are often taken in t he same 

 locality, but Jutuletda is more apt to be found in lower ground. Tlie 

 nymphs of the two species are very similar in color in the hibernating 

 broods, those of campestris being dull light gray in general color, 

 while those of lutulenta are darker; markings are similar, but lutulenta 

 has a con.sjiicuously defined lighter area on the tergum of first and 

 second abdominal segnients. The summer nymphs of canipeMris are 

 lighter in color, often almost white, and usually of varying shades of 

 yellow. 



These two arc the most abundant species of Fulgorids living in 

 grass lands, so far as I have observed, and the}' may come to be of 

 some economic imi)ortance should they suddenly inci'ease in large 

 numbers; but so far as I have noticed, their injury to grass by suck- 

 ing the sap from the stems and leaves is very small compared to the 

 in.jui-y r<'sulting from the feeding of various species of Jassids, some 

 of which occur in great numbers. 



If these two Fulgorids should become so abundant as to be doing 

 appi"eciabl(> danuige, they might be kept in check by close and fre- 

 (pient mowing of the grass during the period of egg-deposition. This 

 would cut off the grass containing most of the eggs, and it was found 

 that the eggs dried up and failed to hatch if the grass containing them 

 was allowed to dry. 



A check to their increase to injurious numbers is a h^'menopterous 

 parasite, Gonatojius hicolor, which is <iuite common upon both spe- 

 cies. Some notes in regard to the habitvS of this parasite were pub- 

 lished in the June numV)er of the Ohio \atui-alist, VMK}. The lar\a 

 of the parasite lives in a sack protruding from between the segments 

 on the dorsal side of the abdomen of host. Nymphs of Liburnia 

 lutuh ntant the brood which hibernated were found infested with these 

 parasites, only one parasite to a host. Some of these wei-e i-eared to 

 maturity and the parasite? identilie<l in the adult, stage. When the 

 parasitic larva gets its growth it escapes from the sack and spins a 

 tin}' white cocoon in the gi-oove of a grass blade or some olhei" suilabh' 

 place. The growth of the larva so exhausts the host that it i-esults 

 in its death about the time the full gi-owth of t he i)arasi1e has been 

 attained. The adults come forth from the coc(K)ns in about three or 



