4'.» 



iiiKl consider whotlicr the work is Ix'iiig done under Ihe direction and 

 supervision of anoilier oi- wliether it is independent! and orijjjinal on 

 the pjii't of him who performs it. Wlien the work has been phinned 

 and directed by the liea<l ol" a »h'partnient and carried out by an 

 unskilled assislani there is no reason wliy any credit should l)e Lciven 

 unless such woi-k is unpaid and voluntaiy. If such a helper, liow- 

 evei', has shown unusual lidelityand ability, faAorable mention might 

 not l»e out of place. If the nelp has l)oen voluntary and unpaid, the 

 person should be given credit for his service if of much imi)ortance. 

 His statements and observations, if quite valuable, may be quoted 

 directly as coming from him. An orchardist, for example, puts l)ands 

 upon all his ai)ple trees and examines them once a week throughout 

 tlie summer and fall at the request of the entomologist of an experi- 

 ment station, and keeps a complete i-ecord of the worms found at the 

 difTereut dates and gives the results to the entomologist. Full credit 

 should be given for the data furnished if they are used. On the other 

 hand, if a man had been liired to do the same piece of work and fur- 

 nish the data obtained he would have no claim for credit in a publi- 

 cation of the i-esults, though to give credit w'ould not be out of place 

 and might be necessary as a matter of defense on the part of the 

 entomologist. However, it is not from this class of help that we are 

 most likely to hear complaints of too little credit, but from the other 

 class that I have designated as ''skilled." 



Before going further let me mention the different ways in which 

 credit may be given. There may be favoral)le mention fa brief state- 

 ment giving credit), a direct (quotation, joint authorship in publica- 

 tion, or independent publication on the part of the assistant. 



In d(>termining the credit due to a skilled assistant we shall also 

 luive to know, first of all, whether the work was i)lanned by the head 

 of the department, or whether it was independent and original work 

 on the part of the assistant. If the work was planned quite fully l)y 

 the head of the department and carried out by an assistant whose 

 name is i)ublished with the paper, the writer would take the position 

 that such assistant has no claim upon the head of the dei)artnjent for 

 any further mention. At the same time, if the work were such as to 

 reflect special cre(lit upon the assistant, tlie author would d()ul)tless 

 be glad to nuike mention of the fact, and there would be nothing 

 improper in his doing so. 



( )n the other hand, if the work were done by a volunteer and unpaid 

 ludper, he ought always lobe given credit for his pai't in the work, 

 either by favorable mention oi- by direct ([uotations from his state- 

 ments. For example, we will suppose experiments are being carrie<l 

 on to determine the life history of the codling moth and an assislani 

 is given full directions and is set to work keeping full records upon 

 wormy apples and numbers of worms appe>"ing daily umh-r bands 

 225U4— No. m—Oi -1 



