55 



troc. For (>xiiiiii)l(>, it is inoi'c cllicicnt on t lie roniparafivoly smooth- 

 barked Newtown Pippin and Yellow IJelKlower, t he vai'iet ies j;rown 

 in northern California, and less so on the ron^her-l)arke(l Whit« 

 >Vinter reai'iiiain, whieh is the coniinon variety in sonthei-n Califor- 

 nia. -Mr. l''re<leiick .Maskew, a hort ieultnral inspector of Los Anji^oles 

 County, has also noted, as he informed the speaker, tliat this wasli, 

 where it is not thoiouuhly elVeetive, is ver^- apt to cause an increase in 

 the spott ini^' of fruit, so much so that the fruit of spraj^ed trees is some- 

 times more spotted than of unspraye(l trees similarly infested. This 

 seems to <*om(> from the fact that the younj; from the few females 

 escapinj; the treatment near or on the fi-uit spurs are drixcn by the 

 limy c<witin<i: on the bark to the youuii; fruit and settle there, whereas 

 under normal conditions they would renuiin on the l)ark. 



Mr. Fletcher stateil that one of the great objections to these waslies 

 was the fact that they required prolonged boiling, and asked if any 

 successful expei-iments had been carried out in order to reduce the 

 time recommended, especially regai'ding the use of caustic soda in pre- 

 pai-ing the wash without boiling, after the plan suggested by the late 

 Professor Lowe, of Geneva, N. Y. 



Mr. IJurgess stated that washes made with caustic soda had been 

 tried by Mr. Parrott, and that he reported that the results were of so 

 variable a character that he would not recommend them for general 

 use. lie further remarked that it seemed inadvisal)le for the ento- 

 nu)logist to recommend any treatment for general use unless it had 

 proved entirely satisfactory when tried in an experimental way. He 

 doubted the advisability of reducing the length of time of boiling the 

 lime and. sulphur wash until more tests had been made, as fruit grow- 

 ers a I'e apt to fail to boil the matei'ial sulliciently, and if the proi)er 

 chemical act ion is not complete imperfect results will be obtained fi-om 

 spraying. 



Mr. Felt replied that he believed if the wash were boiled vigorously 

 for thirty minutes the necessarj' chemical action would take place. 



iSIr, Piper stated that in the State of Washington the wash wasthor- 

 oughl}' boiled for one-half houi-, and when prepared in larg<' quant it ies 

 was diluted with cold water. 



Mr. Summei-s remai"ke<l that it would seem that the condit ions und(M' 

 which the mi.\tui-e was kept must vary somewhat in the dilTerent 

 experiments. Chemical action will evidently go on so long as the 

 mixture is at llie boiling point. As the addition of the water to the 

 lime bi'ings it ui)to this point, it woidd seem that all tliat is necessary 

 is so to insulati' the vessel in which the mixture is kept thai it will 

 not lose heat rapidly, and then to leave it foi- a suflicient length of 

 time to complete the necessary «'hemieal action ])elween the lime and 

 the suli)hur. 



Mr. (Tillette remarked that li(> had not been called upon to use these 

 washes for the San J(»se scah\ but would like to ascertain if anvono 



