73 



dry seeds. On ])a.jje.s 05-10(1 lie discusses llic (•(•dliiiLr iiiolli. and on 

 l»lale '"• of ids work s(tine fairly ^ood litjui-cs of all slaj^cs of tin- 

 iiist'ct, iiudiidiiig llie <'}i;<; and its position (»n an ai)ple, arc .i;iven. lie 

 describes the egj; as " spheroidal, with walls delicately membranous, 

 somewhat netted, transparent, of a whitish-yellow color," and states 

 tliat the ei^irs ai'(> most often laid in the nei<?hborhood of the stem or 

 calyx. Thus thei-e is little doul>t tliat Costa saw the eggs nearly fifty 

 years a.:::o. 



NOTES AND NEW FACTS ABOUT SOME NEW YORK GRAPE PESTS. 

 By M. V. Sli.nokklaM). Itli<irii. .\. i". 



l)ininu' the i)asl three oi- four yeai'S many vinej'ards in the great 

 ('liautau(iua Count}' gra[)e region have been very seriously infested 

 by thi-ee insect pests — leaf-hoppers, rootworms, ami tlie fruit moth. 

 Never l)efore had aii\' of these pests menaced this gi-ape section, aiul 

 the vineyardists were wholly unprepai'ed to cope with such new dilli- 

 culties. 'Pile entomological and horticultural divisions of theCormdl 

 K.xperinuMit Station and State Kntomologist Felt devoted a large part 

 of their energies to field Avork in the infested region in 1!)02 and 1!»();5, 

 and some work will probably be carried on next year. Apparently 

 one of the factors which bi-ought about this unusual outbreak of these 

 grape pests was neglect in cultivating and feeding the vineyards a 

 few yeai's ago when grapes brought veiy low prices. It has been 

 demonstrated that proper and timely cultivation is one of the most 

 elVective methods for controlling tlie rootworms [Fldia rHlcida), and 

 uotliiug suits the " hopi)ers," as the gi'owers call them {TijpJihnjha 

 c(>)nrs), better for hibei-nation ([uai'tcrs than a gi-ass-grown and wee<ly 

 vineyard. The fiMiit in some of tliese neglected vineyards was not 

 worth hai\ cstiug, and oftentimes grapes are soi-ted in the ticdd, the 

 wormy and diseased bei'ries being tlirown on the ground neai- the 

 \ ines. These conditions favoi- the unhampered breeding of the fruit 

 moth {Kiuh'tiiis hofrcuKi). 



It lias been a strenuous warfare to devise, test,an<l evolve en"(M»tive 

 and pi-actical methods for controlling thesi; grai»e pests, but the i-e- 

 sults hav(i demonstrated that such metliods are available. 



Tln^ rootwoiin is vulnerabh* in its egg, pupa, and beetle stages. 

 Some vineyardists have found it practical to go over tlieir vines and 

 by rubbing th(( canes crush the masses of eggs laid under the loose 

 bark. The pupa rests in a little <'arthen cell, and but few of them 

 survive if this cell is broken by cultivation. More tlian half of the 

 pui);e can often be killed in this way by tlnu-ough stii-riiig of the soil 

 in .lune. 



The l)eetles feed »|uite e\tensi\-el\" on the leave.s, eating character- 

 istic chain-like holes. Thus theoret ically they shouM succumb n ad- 

 ily to a poison spray. Although numy acres of infested vineyards 



