41 



PARASITIC ENEMIES. FAMILY ICHNEUMONIDiE. 

 I'vVjrr OF c^SE i.j. 



257. The Lunated Long-Sting {Thalesm hinalor Fab.). 



ThiTe an' .^owral (luito t^iinilar.'^pecios of these insect.", whieh liy means of the lonp, 

 tliread-like appendaj^'e to the l»o(ly, (lejxtsit their egfpi within the galleries of the 

 horiitail larvie upon wiiirh their own larv;e are parasitic. 



KxniHiT: Adults. 



INJURINCii INNER B.VRK. 



THE BARK-BEETLES. FAMILY SCOLYTIDiE. 



258. The Pine-Destroying Beetle of the Black Hills { Dmdroctonus ponderosae 



Ilopk.). . 



Attacks healthy pine and spruce in the Black Hills of South Dakota, and Rocky 

 Mountain region. The adult beetles excavate characteristic galleries in the inner 

 bark of dead, dying, and liealthy trees. Their eggs are deposited along the sides 

 of these galleries, and the larva? developing from them mine the inner l)ark. It 

 is estimated that it hivs l)een the primary cause of the destruction of 1,000,000,(XX) 

 feet of bull pine {J'inus: ]>on(l('rum) in the Black Hills. 



J]xininT: Adults, work. Sections of trunks of western yellow pine attacked by 

 beetles allowing pitch tubes on surface and marks of galleries in inner bark. (Large 

 case.) 



C-A.se 45. 



259. The Destructive Pine Bark-Beetle (7)('ndrodoH«.<!//-OH<a/is Zimm.). 

 Attacks healthy pine and spruce in the Southern States. It is capable of enormous 



destruction and, though u.sually held in check by natural causes, has at various times 

 past so increasetl as to seriously menace the entire stand of pine and spruce in portions 

 of tlie Southeastern States, notably in West Virginia in 1891-92. 



Exiiiiut: Adults, work. Markings on surface of wood of beetle-killed tree; appear- 

 ance of outer bark of beetle-killed trees; outer l)ark of tree .scaled off by woodixjckers 

 in search of l)eetles and their larva?. (Large case.) 



260. The Oregon Tomicus ( Tnmint,s orcgoni Eich.). 



A secondary enemy of i)ine, attacking and hastening the death of trees primarily 

 attacked by the pine-destroying beetle. 



Exhihit: Work. Section of top of western yellow pine, showing galleries of adult 

 Iwetles in iimer bark. (Large wise.) 



261. The Companion Bark-Beetle {Tnwlnis fivnlsuj< E'u-h.). 



A conmion sju^cies infesting pine in the Southern States. When abundant it 

 attacks and kills healthy trees, but is es)>e(ially conunon as a secondary enemy, in 

 company with the destructive bark-l)eetle J)rti<h-oclu»Hs J'ronldlis Zimm. 



Exhibit: Adults, work. 



c:a.sk 40. 



262. The Lawson Cypress Bark-Beetle (Phlfvoitimui ciipress;!- Ilopk.). 



Attacks transplanted Lawson and Monterey cypress in Califi)riiia. It also attacks 

 redwoml. 

 Exhibit: Adults, work. 



263. The Hickory Bark-Beetle (StYili/ln.i qn<irlrii<i»i)w.tttj< Say). 



.\ common bark-beetle in hickory, fre<iuently causing the death of trees. The 

 adults al-'^o ilo some tlauuige by gnawing the base of small twigs, causing their death. 

 Exhibit: Adults, work. 



I 



