34 



L WER IN VER TEBRA TES. 



Fig. 1:8. —Ideal section of a colony of Anthophysa. 



20--28 ilhisti-ate a species wliicli the unequal flagella and oblique anterior border 

 of the zooids appear to place in the genus Anthophysa. It was discovered in Spy 

 Pond, Cambridge, Mass., by A. H. Tuttle, who gave an account of it. He fed the 

 monads indigo, which they took readily. When a particle was taken, the longer flagel- 



lum, which did not vibrate (the short 

 one was in constant motion), was 

 suddenly turned down, carrying the 

 food with it into the oral region. 

 The number of individuals in a 

 group varied from a few to many, 

 giving the larger colonies a mul- 

 berry appearance. Fig. 26 repre- 

 sents a group of live zooids attachoil 

 by their bases. Fig. 28 is an ideal 

 section showing the outline of the 

 zooids and their manner of attach- 

 ment to a common pedicle, the 

 ujiper part of which alone remains, 

 the colony having broken away from 

 its anchorage. Kent has recorded the manner of gi'owth of the jjedicle in this genus. A 

 colony were fed with pulverized carmine, which they ingested greedily, but it was soon 

 rejected. This was effected entirely at the posterior extremity or point of union with the 

 stalk, which was soon changed in appearance and dimensions, for the rejected jsarticles 

 of carmine were utilized in increasing it ; the amber color and striated aspect gave 

 place to that due to the agglutinated opaque carmine. The growth was so rapid that 

 in one group the pedicle nearly doubled its length in half an hour. 



Among the most graceful forms of this sub-order the siiecies of BicosKca must cer- 

 tainly be enumerated. They occur in both salt and fresh-water; the globose, urceolate, 

 or ovate loricse are usually stalked, while tlie contained zooids also are pedicellate, the 

 usual two anterior flagella are unequal. But for the lashes it would be easy to mistake 

 these creatures for a loricate peritrichous ciliate like Cothurnia. There are also in this 

 assemblage several endoparasitic species, — for example, Pseudospora volvocis, which 

 resides in Volvox globator, where it eats up the cell contents ; it is figured with a 

 number of pseudopodia, thus recalling Mastiganioiba simjjlex. Another example is 

 Lophonionas blattarum, which, as its name implies, inhabits the intestinal canal of the 

 cockroach {Blatta); it is a plastic form with a tuft of flagella anteriorly. Another para- 

 site, Hexamitra intestinalis, occurs in the digestive tract of Triton ; it has six flagella, 

 four anteriorly and two posteriorly. It swims free or anchors itself by means of its 

 posterior lashes ; when in this position it swims about or gyrates from right to left, — 

 twisting the threads into one, and then, reversing its motion, winds them in the opposite 

 du'ection. 



Sub-Order V. — CnoAis^o-FLAGELLATA. 

 This sub-order includes only three families and seven genera. The characteristics 

 of these remarkable Infusoria were first made known through the researches of H. J. 

 Clark in 1868. It is a matter for pride that this honor should fall to an American. 

 A ty])e of these forms is represented in Codosic/a botrytis (Fig. 29), with which the 

 other species may be compared. The animals of the family to which this species 



