42 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 



HISTORY. 



In 1775 Fabriciiis published a short description of the adult from 

 a specimen in the British Museum, calling it Lamia titillator, and 

 gave its habitat as "Carolina." He also published short descrip- 

 tions imder the same name in 1781 and 1787. Somewhere between 

 1788 and 1793, the exact date unknown, Linnaeus, in the Systema 

 Naturse, edited by Gmelin, published a short description under 

 the name Lamia titillator Fab. In 1792 Fabricius again published 

 a short description of titillator, and also published a description of 

 Lamia dentator, w^ith "Carolina" as habitat. The latter name 

 has since been placed in synonymy. Olivier, in 1795, published a 

 short description and figure of the adult under the name Ceramhyx 

 titillator Fab. He gives it the common name "Capricorne chatouil- 

 leux" or the "long-horned tickler," and the habitat as "Carolina." 

 At the same time he published a short description and figure of 

 Ceramhyx carolinensis (common name, the Carolina longhorn) , which 

 has since been made a synonym of titillator, and gave the habitat as 

 South Carolina. Somewhere between 1795 and 1811, the exact 

 date not being known, the same author published short descriptions 

 of Lamia titillator and Jjamia carolinensis, giving the habitat of the 

 former as "Carolina," and of the latter as South Carolina. In 1805 

 Beauvois published a short description and figure under the name 

 Lamia dentator. In 1835 Serville described the genus Monohammus, 

 and placed dentator and carolinensis in it, without mentioning titil- 

 lator. Le Conte, in 1854, published a short description and placed 

 dentator and carolinensis in synonymy. In this connection he says: 

 "Olivier's carolinensis very obviously is the female of his titillator. 

 * * * It is common in the Southern States." 



In 1862 Harris, in his Insects Injurious to Vegetation, published a 

 short description, with a figure and a note on the habits of adults, 

 but stated that the kind of tree the "grub" inhabited was unknown 

 to him. In 1873 Le Conte published a description of Monoliammus 

 minor, which has since been made a synonym of titillator. At the 

 same time he published a short description of M. titillator. Of the 

 genus Monohammus, he says : ' ' The species infests pine trees through- 

 out the whole extent of the United States and contiguous northern 

 regions." In the same year Bowditch, under the name M. dentator, 

 published short descriptions of the larva, pupa, and adult, and a 

 short note on seasonal history and habits. He found it infesting 

 Pinus mitis (echinata) in Massachusetts. In 1885 Horn published 

 a short description under the name M. titillator and placed the names 

 carolinensis, dentator, and minor in synonymy. He gave the dis- 

 tribution as from Canada to Wasliington Territory and south to 

 Florida. In 1899 Hopkins published a short note on the occurrence 



