INSECT DEPREDATIONS IN NORTH AMERICAN FORESTS. 81 



soon as it is felled and hy convert ini:' the holts into the snialle>t prae- 

 ticahle dimensions and pilinii' them in sneh a manner as to t"aeilitat<' 

 rapid drying. 



Damage to unseasoned handle and \\a<j:on stock in the i'on<rh can hi' 

 prevented by takinjj: special precautions to provide a<;ainst the same 

 favorable conditions for attack as mentioned in connection with 

 round timlxu-s. This is especially necessary with hickory and ash 

 if cut durin<>: the winter and s])ring. 



Damage to pulpwood and cordwood can be pri>vented to a great 

 extent by placing the sticks of wood in triangular or crib piles im- 

 mediately after they are cut from the trees, especially if the timber 

 is cut during the danger period or nnist be held for a few months 

 during the warm season. Peeling or splitting the wood, or both, be- 

 fore it is i)iled will also provide against damage from insects. 



Manckactukkd I'KomCTS. 



UNSEASON i:l) rUOlH'CTS. 



Fi-eshly sawed hardwood lumbei' placed in close piles during warm, 

 damp weather in the period from July to September, inclusive, pre- 

 sents the most favorable conditions for injury by ambrosia beetles. 

 In all cases it is the moist condition and retarded drying of the lum- 

 ber which induces attack. Therefore any method which will provide 

 for the rapid drying of the lumber before or after jailing Avill tend 

 to prevent loss. It is important, also, that heavy lumber should. 

 as far as possible, be cut only in the winter and piled so that it will 

 be well dried out before the middle of March. 



The damage to lumber and square timl)er when the baric is left on 

 the edges or sides can be prevented by removing the i)ark before or 

 inunediately after the hunber is sawed, or by sawing and piling the 

 material during the winter, or if sawed at other times it should be 

 piled so that ra|)id drying will be iaciiitated. 



.SEASONKl) I'KOhtCTS. 



Unfirlft/irt/ firrisonrf/ prodinfx. — Injury l»y powder-post beetles to 

 di'v hardwood lumlier and othei' material in >tacks oi- storehouses can 

 1m' prevented as follows: 



(1) Have a general inspection of the material in the yards and 

 storehouses at least once a year. i)referal)ly during November oi' 

 February, for the j)urpose of (a) sorting out and dot roving or otiier- 

 wisc disposing of any material that shows the slightest evidence of 

 injury, as iiulicated by the presence (d" line powdery boring dust, and 

 {!>) sorting out and destroying all old ami useless saj)wood matei-ial 

 of any kind that will oiler favorable breeding places for the insects. 



