THE LOCUST HORKK. 



3 



the rouifh l)ark. in the forks of the troo, iiiul on the <:iouiid around t\\o 

 base of the trunk, durin*;- May. .hino. and Juh'; (4) 1>\ the t)r('akiii^'' 

 down of the Itraiulics and yoiuio- trees, and hy the sickly ai)pearance 

 of the young- twigs and h'aves in July and August. 



This insect appears to he present and more or less injurious in all of 

 that part of the United States which is east of the Great Plains and 

 north of the (hilf States. Published information and i-eports of forest 

 officials and others indicate that in Oklahoma and Indian Territory' 

 and west of the (ireat Plains the locust is now (juitc free from injury 

 l)y the l)orei" hut that these regions will remain exempt is hy no 

 means certain. 



EXTENT OF DAMAGE OR LOSS. 



So extensive is the damage to natural growth, artificial plantations, 

 and shade trees that in some sections within 

 the natural range of the tree in the Eastern 

 States, hut [)articularly in the Middle West, 

 where t)otli the tree antl the insect ha\e been 

 introduced, it is considered unprofitable to 

 gi'ow tlie tree for shade or timl)er. and in 

 such sections the natural sprout growth is 

 often considered a pest rather than other- 

 wise. 



The loss resulting from defective timl)er. 

 stunted giowtli. and the death of trees is rep- 

 resented by the ditierence in value between 

 the damaged growth or product and the same 

 if uninjured aiul healthy. Thi>. if expressed in dollars, would re|)- 

 resent a larg«> sum. 



POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTING LOSSES. 



There are section>. e>[)ecially in the natural home of the tree, where, 

 as has been fre(|uently observed by the writer and others, the damage 

 is not sufficiently severe to seriously afleet the vitality of the trees or 

 the commercial value of the product; and our present knowledge of 

 the insect and of methods of preventing losses fiom its ravages indi- 

 cates that in properly selected localities, and under proper forestry 

 methods of management, the tree, so far as this insect is concerned, 

 can be grown successfully on an extensive scale, and can be made to 

 yield most satisfactory retuins. 



HISTORICAL REFERENCES. 



The first reference to this insect, accoiding to Fitch. !■« a tigure and 

 description by Pitiver in his (TO/oj)hylacium. published in London in 

 IToi!. Drury figured it in lTTi>. and the following year. 1771. Forster 

 gave it the specific nam(> of /t>f>ni/;i . under whii-h it i^ at i)i"e>ent rec- 



Fu.. 2. — The locust borer (C'l/Ueite 

 rohinia-): a, eggs; b, c, larvaj 

 from hibernation cell^. Much 

 enlarged (original). 



