58 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



We have not succeeded in determining the period of incubation, 

 as eggs kept in the Laboratory failed to hatch. The nymphal stage 

 is not positively known to ns. 



The remedy for this insect will doubtless be found upon further 

 study to consist of cultural measures. All of the cotton fields in 

 which the injury was most severe were fields in which corn had been 

 grown the year previous, and one farmer, in plowing a cornfield 

 in the spring, noticed large numbers of insects which, from his 

 description, must have been the nymphs of this species. If the 

 nymphs are found to subsist upon the roots of corn or other vegeta- 

 tion in the cornfields, plow^ing at the proper time may prove to be an 

 effective measure. The use of trap rows of an early variety of corn 

 in the cotton fields, planted so as to come into tassel at the time of 

 emergence of the adult cicadas, may serve to lessen the damage 

 to the young cotton plants. Further studies of the insect's habits 

 are necessary before satisfactory remedial measures can be suggested. 



The following paper w^as then presented by the secretary : 



HISTORY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY IN HAWAII. 



By Jacob Kotinsky. Honolulu. H. I. 



" KOEBELE " METHODS IN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



Entomology is never more fascinating to the interested layman in 

 Hawaii than when presented in the alluring light of fighting pests 

 by means of their natural enemies. In fact, this is the only kind of 

 entomology that appeals to him. To the veteran economic ento- 

 mologist such methods savor too much of " playing to the gallery " 

 to sanction their ado^Dtion. And yet, reflected in sober thought, if 

 by his manipulations man has overlooked the danger lurking in 

 introduced insect enemies, has upset the balance of nature, can we 

 not hope that by further manipulation he can further adjust nature 

 with the balance in his favor? In other words, when plants or ani- 

 mals of a country are suffering unremittent serious injury from an 

 insect pest it is reasonable to suppose, first, that the pest is of foreign 

 origin, and, secondly, that the natural check to that enemy has been 

 in some way eliminated. It is evident, therefore, that given the 

 check species and with the elimination of its enemies we must succeed 

 in creating a balance of nature in our favor. 



INTRODUCTION OF INJURIOUS INSECTS INTO HAAVAII. 



When in 1820 the Boston missionaries came to the Hawaiian Islands 

 thej^ recognized the latent capabilities of the soil for yielding good 

 crops, provided the plants were there. Taro and cocoanuts were 



