138 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



mixtures. The linie-siilphiir washes called for 20 pounds of lime and 

 15 pounds of sulphur, 25 pounds of lime and 20 pounds of sulphur, 

 and 15 pounds each of lime and sulphur, to 50 gallons of water, the 

 mixture in each case being actively boiled for about thirty minutes. 

 Unboiled washes, using 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, and 

 10 pounds of sal soda; 25 pounds of lime, 20 pounds of sulphur, and 

 12| pounds of sal soda, and one composed only of ^^0 pounds of lime 

 and 15 pounds of sulphur, were tested. Applications of these waslies 

 were made at Washingtonville, in the Hudson Valley, and also at 

 Oyster Bay, on Long Island, for the purpose of observing their be- 

 havior under dift'erent conditions. The general results may be briefly 

 summarized as follows : 



There was rery little difference between the behavior of the three 

 boiled washes mentioned above. We still reconnnend the formula 

 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, and 50 gallons of Avater, 

 with at least thirty minutes active boiling, because this wash proved 

 thoroughly efficient and calls for a minimum amount of material, 

 except in the case of the one where equal quantities of lime and sul- 

 phur are employed. There seems to be a practical advantage in hav- 

 ing some excess of lime, and as the cost of the additional 5 pounds is 

 very slight we prefer the fornnila given above. 



The unboiled Avashes — those depending on chemical activity to 

 effect a combination — gave nearly, if not equally, as satisfactory 

 results as those where fire was employed. The wash composed of 30 

 pounds of lime and 15 pounds of sulphur presents mechanical disad- 

 vantages, and as the one calling for 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of 

 sulphur, and 10 pounds of sal soda is just as efficient an insecticide 

 and gives a much more satisfactory mechanical and chemical combi- 

 nation, we do not hesitate to recommend it wherever small lots of 

 Avash are desired. Experience last season has shoAvn that while this 

 latter preparation can be made without adding any hot Avater, the 

 mechanical condition is immensely superior Avhen the reaction is 

 started Avith a fcAV pails of hot Avater, as described last year, and the 

 chemical combination appears to be considerably better. 



A very fine amorphous gi-ade of sidphur, carefully mixed Avith lime 

 which had been preA^iously slaked and alloAved to cool, Avas applied to 

 a fcAv trees and proved of no value in destroying the scale. TAv-^nty 

 and 25 per cent limoid or K-L mixtures were tested, and, generally 

 speaking, the results were not equal to those obtained Avith lime- 

 sulphur washes, though Ave went to the trouble of securing the best 

 grade of limoid with which to prepare them. There is no doubt 

 that a certain amount of the scale was destroyed by the applicatiou. 

 Nevertheless, the general results Avere disappointing, even in tlie 

 hands of other parties, where the treatment Avas said to have been 

 exceptionally thorough. 



