30 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 



water to be the immediate successor of the Liberty, not 

 having recognized the thin, more northern representative 

 of the Saluda. The vSaUida contains a very poor fauna, 

 except towards the top, where certain brachiopods and 

 bryozoans which are common in the Whitewater, begin to 

 appear. 



Whitewater. — The Whitewater is composed of nodular 

 and concretionary shales and impure limestones, often of a 

 brownish or yellowish color. It contains a much richer 

 fauna . than the vSaluda. The predominate fossils are 

 bryozoans, which are very abundant. Rhynchotrema capax 

 which is common in the lower part of the member is replaced 

 by Rhynchotrema dentatum near the top. Platystrophia 

 acutilirata and Hebertella occidentalis are characteristic 

 fossils. 



Elkhorn. — The upper 50 feet of the Richmond contain 

 a fauna very different from that of the preceding Whitewater, 

 and are designated by Cumings as the Elkhorn division of 

 the Richmond.* The lower 15 feet of this member is shale, 

 containing few fossils. The fauna of the Elkhorn is made 

 up of recurring Fairview and McMillan types. Hebertella 

 sinuata, Platystrophia laticosta, and other species with 

 their closest relatives in the Maysville. The division is 

 characterized by a form of Platystrophia lynx known as 

 P. lynx moritura. 



B. Structural Features of the Cincinnatian 



The structural features of the Cincinnatian are of two 

 kinds: original features, those which show conditions 

 existing during the epoch: and secondary features, those 

 which indicate subsequent events. 



1. Original. — Under the first class of structural features 

 may be considered wave-marks or "giant-ripples," mud- 

 balls, sun-cracks or mud-cracks, and worm borings 



*Cumings: Ind. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res., .32nd Ann. Rep., 1907, p. 678. 



