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steep, it is by no means inaccessible ; and most, though not all, of its rich recesses 

 can be explored \vith a steady foot and a tolerable head. The precipice faces 

 nearly due east. 



(2) Cwm Idwall. This beautiful place certainly deserves the second place 

 in a naturalist's heart, in the Carnarvonshire Hills. It lies on the northern 

 escarpment of the second or Glyder range, lying north of Snowdon proper. It is 

 well known for the beauty of its little romantic glen with Llyn Idwall lying in 

 the embrace of cliffs, in the centre of which is the well-known chasm of TwU-du, 

 which affords a view, looking downwards from the top, unequalled in Wales for 

 wild beauty. This scene, like so many others possessing the same features, has 

 the stupid English name of "The Devil's Kitchen." Surely the Celts showed a 

 far more just apjireciation of the beautiful, not to say of the true, when they 

 dedicated so many of their mountain churches to St. Michael, in the innumerable 

 " Llanvihangels " which stud Wales over in all its parts. The Cwm Idwall Cliff 

 lies at a considerably lower elevation than Clogwyn-y-Garnedd. Its summit can 

 hardly reach more than 2,800 feet ; its depth may be 200 to 300, and its lateral 

 extent one-third of a mile. It is, in parts, utterly inaccessible ; and its rarities will 

 never be exterminated by collectors until they have acquired the art of flying. It 

 is well watered ; so that after heavy rain its whole extent is seamed with falling 

 rills ; and it is, botanically speaking, rich ; vying with CIogwyny-Garnedd in 

 being the head-centre of Carnarvonshire Saxifrages, Woodsia.s, and the Lloydia. 



(3) Going again farther north, the west cliff of Carnedd Dafydd may 

 certainly claim the third place. The range of the "Carnedds" is the most 

 northerly and the most extensive of the Snowdon Groups. It differs much in 

 character from those lying further south, having in general far more of moorland, 

 and far less of cliff in its surface. But in Carnedd Dafydd, its most south- 

 westerly extension, there is a full measure of cliff ; both to the east of the summit 

 in Ffynnon Loer (which, I am sorry to say, I never explored), and to its west, in 

 the head of Cwm Llafar. Here there is an extensive precipice, running up, under 

 the head of the mountain, to 3,200 or 3,300 feet ; having a vertical range of 2.50 to 

 350 feet, and a lateral one of nearly one mile of rock. This west cliff of Carnedd 

 Dafydd has perhaps hardly attracted the attention which it merits from 

 naturalists ; being rich in material. I have myself visited it three or four times ; 

 yet, having been uniformly unfortunate in weather, I do not feel sure that I have 

 worked it well. A thick mountain mist and rain, joined with a high cold wind, is not 

 conducive to thoroughness in one's exploration of a cliff. It faces W. and W. by N. 



(4) We must not omit two small but rich cliffs lying in the very heart of the 

 Carnedd region, round two small and pretty lakes called respectively Melyn-Llyn 

 and Llyn-Dulyn. The first of them I have not visited ; and upon the second I 

 had only daylight to spend one hour, which was, however, sufficient to convince 

 me of its richness from my own point of view as a naturalist. The cliff here faces 

 E. and N.E. ; its elevation, perpendicular and aliove sea level, are both small; 

 perhaps 200 feet in the one and 2,000 feet in the other case ; its extent may be one- 

 third of a mile. It possesses therefore a rather luioer form of cliff vegetation ; but 

 it is well watered and apparently rich. 



