83 



of the precipice forms the verj' summit of the mountain, and here a fine growth 

 of the little Willow fringes the precipice ; but it is quite out of reach. It has long 

 been known at this station, having been discovered here, I believe, by the late 

 Joseph Woods. Not found in the Central Group ; northwards it is found on all 

 the highest Lakeland and Scotch summits. 



32. Lloydia serotina, Reich. 1, 2. Northern Group. This well- 

 known plant still exists upon the Cwm Idwall ClifiF, and is there fortunately quite 

 out of reach. I do not know whether it is now to be found at any other Carnar- 

 vonshire station. Confined to Carnarvonshire in the British Isles. 



33. Luzula spicata, D. C. 1, 2. Northern Group. This is another 

 well-known member of the Alpine Flora of Carnarvonshire. I do not know 

 where the Carnarvonshire station is, and have never seen a Carnarvonshire 

 specimen. Northwards, on several of the highest Lakeland summits, in small 

 quantity ; much more abundant in the Scottish Highlands. 



34. Carex atrata, L. 1, 3. Northern Group. In small quantities 

 on the Snowdon and Carnedd Tafydd Cliffs; possibly also upon other cliffs in 

 Carnarvonshire. It is equally rare in the Lakeland Mountains. Not found 

 southwards. 



35. Carex rigida, Good. 1, 2, 3, 5. Northern and Central Groups. 

 On the highest ranges of most of the Carnarvonshire Cliffs, and on those of Cader 

 Idris. It should occur in the Brecon Beacon Range, since it is often associated 

 with Salix herbacea; but it has never been detected there. Merionethshire is thus 

 its southern known limit in the British Isles. 



36. Aira caespitosa, L., Alpine varieties. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, G, 7. 

 Northern, Central, and Southern Groups. Alpine varieties of this common Grass 

 are abundant upon all the cliffs of Wales with which I am acquainted, extending 

 from their lowest parts up to 3,000 feet or more. Aira alpina L. has been 

 recorded for Carnarvonshire, but upon insufficient authority, and probably by an 

 error. The forms of this Grass from the lower cliffs of Central Wales, and from 

 the Tarens of the Black Mountain, approach ordinary lowland A. caspitosa more 

 nearly than those from the higher ranges. We have, however, upon the Black 

 Mountain, forms which show a marked tendency towards the Alpine develop- 

 ment. I am unable to draw any clear line between the lowland and highland 

 plant ; or to distinguish clearly the two varieties hrevifolia and pseudo-alpiiM, of 

 the latter. 



37. Aira flexuosa, L., var. montana. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, fi. Northern 

 Central and Southern Groups. In this case, as in the last, it may be doubted 

 whether the variety can in all instances be successfully distinguished from the 

 ordinary lowland type. It must be remembered, however, that this lowland type 

 is common on the moorland parts of all the higher mountains ; while the var. 

 montana is, I believe, a triie cliff plant, occupying much the same parts of the 

 mountain cliffs as the Alpine forms of A. ccespitosa, but preferring drier rocks, 

 and not descending lower than 2,500 feet. The present Grass is also a rarer 

 plant. It is abundant on Clogwyn-y-Garnedd, and recurs very characteristically 

 on the highest edge of the central cliff of the Brecon Beacons, along with Salix 



