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indebted, found, at Rowlestone, in rocks similar to those which we have been 

 traversing, the head of a large crustacean, previously unknown to science, and 

 which has been named StiiJonurus S>/mondsii. Another such, named Prccarcturus 

 Gii^as, was found in the same locality by Dr. McCullough, and is figured in our 

 Transactions for 1870. Mr. Symonds speaks of a quarry in Kentchurch Park 

 where fish remains are to bo found, and of similar fossils discoverable in the 

 Cornstone of Grosmont Hill. 



The study of geology, however, is not comprised in the collection and 

 labelling of fossils alone, nor in the correlating of differently-situated strata, 

 important branches of it though both of these are. It has to account for the 

 present configuration of the land on which we live, and the scenery consequent 

 on that con6guration. Some reference to this latter must therefore enter into my 

 description. You are not to conceive, from what you see on the map before you, 

 that the whole of the Old Red formation in the South of England is contained in 

 the red-coloured portion represented there, even if we add the contemporaneous 

 rocks of Devon and Cornwall. Deep borings in the neighbourhood of London 

 have come upon Old Red rocks underlying strata of much more recent formation. 

 At Erith they were reached at the depth of 1,000 feet, in London itself at that of 

 1,060, and near Cheshunt at that of 980. There is no alisolute proof that these 

 strata were extensions of those we see here. On the other hand, there is no 

 particular reason for supposing that they were not, and that the Old Red sea or 

 lake did not cover the whole intermediate region between this and Kent, and 

 perhaps beyond. How comes it that we have this particular portion exposed to 

 our view? How conies it that we have the beautifully undulating scenery with 

 which we are familiar in our county, as well as the richness and fertility of soil 

 that proceed from that expo.sure? The answer is in two words. From denu- 

 dation. I have tried to take you with me through the process of formation, and I 

 left you contemplating a series of beds normally horizontal, but broken up and 

 disarranged by volcanic actions and by earth movements which disturbed them. 

 Consider now the succeeding process, the undoing of the previous regularity. 

 The face of the ground has been prepared by the forces of volcano and earth- 

 quake for the subsequent action of those agencies which have eventually 

 produced the scenery on which we gaze to-day. Beds have been uplifted, thrown 

 down, crumpled, slanted, now at one angle and in one direction, now otherwise. 

 Then each in their turn, the wash of sea waves, the flowing of great 

 rivers, the rain fall, the grinding of glaciers, and other agents, wear away 

 the surface, and the soil so worn off is carried to form fresh deposits, 

 hereafter to be seen in new systems of rocks. Where the rocks are 

 softer, there naturally the wearing away is more pronounced. Hence the 

 valley. Where it is harder the rock resists the denudation and remains 

 standing up as a hill. All the eminences we have passed to-day, the hills 

 of Dinedor, Callow, Aconhury, Saddlebow, Garway, Grosmont — all those 

 which give such a charm to the landscape farther north, Credenhill, Foxley, 

 Lady Lift, Bredwardine, Dinmore, and others, are what they are simply 

 because they are composed of the hard limestone, the Cornstone, which has 



