and especially in Scotland 93 



« The first or double shock lasted about 5" ; the second about 



2" or 3". ^ . - 



" As to the nature of the concussion, it seemed as it some 

 subterranean element had suddenly struck the solid surface of 

 the earth from beneath, with such a force as to make it yield 

 a little upward. The tremor that followed, arose from its 

 own elasticity and the violence of the impulse. It was both 

 a tremor or vibration of the enrth^s surface, and an undula- 

 tion of the ground. At the commencement of the shock it 

 was a sudden double jolt and tremor of the earth's surface, the 

 result of a subterraneous blow quickly repeated, and, at the 

 end, an undulation or movement of the ground. Objects were 

 more rocked and shaken by the tremulous motion than by the 

 undulation; but none of them were lifted up and let down 

 again. The surface of the earth and buildings thereon, houses, 

 and furniture therein, were moved simultaneously, and trem- 

 bled or shook altogether as one continuous integral. 



" With regard to the points of the compass, the first inclina- 

 tion was neaHy in the direction of the north-west. It was the 

 effect of an invisible sudden force, and was quick. The mo- 

 tion back again was slower, and appeared to be the mere re- 

 covery of balance or perpendicularity. 



«' It seemed to travel with great velocity, and was loudest at 

 its termination. 



" The 23d of October 1839 was cloudy, with rain; the hills 

 were foggy ; wind easl, with calm intervals. Much more rain 

 fell than usual in the autumn of 1839. 



'« About a mile from Dunning, in a farm-house situated on a 

 hioh level, and founded on whinstone rock of unknown depth, 

 the concussion so marred the swing or vibration of the pendu- 

 lum of the clock, that it stood still. 



" The mounds of earth covering potato-pits were cracked from 

 end to end, and the water of sundry wells was made drumly." 

 At Muckhart, situated at the opening of a gorge on the 

 south side of Ochils, and about 20 miles S.SE. of Comrie Mr 

 Harvey heard and felt the shock. He writes,—" Having been 

 at Comrie some years ago, when there was a very smart shock, 

 the moment this of the 23d October commenced, I said to a 

 friend with whom 1 was conversing at the time, ' An earth- 



