36 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [Nov. 30, 
ton there is a similar deposit which may belong to the delta of Wap- 
pinger’s Creek, which discharges at New Hamburg, about one and 
a half miles further up the river. 
In general, the upper limit of the clay increases northward, as 
does also the terrace-level. To illustrate the latter point, we have 
the following altitudes, those marked with an * being given by Dr. 
Merrill :— 
East SHore. WEstT SHORE. 
Croton, 100 100 Haverstraw. 
Peekskill, 120 
185* West Point. 
200 Cornwall. 
Fishkill, 205 205 Newburgh. 
207 Port Ewen. 
340* Schenectady. 
The measurements apply to what is probably the upper terrace. 
At some localities we find more than one terrace, thus :— 
Athens, Mp By Bhs Stony Point, 3. 
Port Ewen, 2. Peekskill, 2. 
Cornwall, 3. Fishkill, 2. 
Storm King, 2. Schodack, 2. 
Table No. 2 gives the terrace measurements made at the different 
points along the river, and it should be borne in mind that they do 
not represent the highest portion of the upper terrace when more 
than one is present, as, especially along the upper portion of the . 
river, the shore-line is quite a distance back. 
Such, in brief, are the general relations of the deposits along the 
Hudson River. 
As far back as 1800 Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell mentioned the Hudson 
River clays in the Mineralogical History of New York. In this he 
says: ‘The flats between the basaltic rocks and Stony Point at. 
Haverstraw appear to be underlaid by argillaceous strata, which, as 
their edges appear along the shore, are not yet hardened enough to 
withstand the impression of the walker’s foot.” 
In 1826, according to Prof. W. W. Mather (Geol. First District of 
New York, p. 130), Mr. John Finch described the quaternary de- 
posits of the Hudson ina general manner under the name of tertiary. 
Prof. W. W. Mather (Geol. First District of New York, pp. 123- 
150) in 1848 gives a general description of the quaternary deposits 
of this region. 
In apaper published in the Amer. Journ. Sci. for June, 1891, Dr. 
F. J. H. Merrill expresses the following conclusions concerning the 
estuary deposits of the Hudson Valley :— 
That after the departure of the glacier from the Hudson Valley 
the land was depressed for a time, this depression amounting to at 
least 80 feet at New York and 340 feet at Schenectady. That during 
this depression a great depth of clay accumulated, and over this a 
deposit of fine stratified § sand. Dr. Merrill considers that the sand 
may possibly have been deposited during the emergence of the land, 
