104 TRANSACTKiNS OF THE [.JAN. 18, 



The conglomerate occupies hollows in the limestone and ex- 

 tends to ten or twelve feet above the water, its thickness vary- 

 ing from one to six feet. It is made up of angular limestone 

 fragments, much red material and badly broken shells of several 

 marine mollusks. The overlaying sandstone contains great 

 abundance of Helix. The great quarries on the southerly side 

 of Castle harbor, half a mile from Tuckertown bay, show the 

 conglomerate at about the same distance above the water. 

 The red portion is very hard, having been filled with calcareous 

 matter by infiltration; the limestone fragments are angulai", 

 bluish and light yellow ; the softer portions contain immense 

 numbers of Helix and Livona, the latter rarel}' more than two 

 inches in diameter. The mass is stalagmitic throughout and 

 the lower portion of the sandstone has been united by infiltered 

 material with the conglomerate. Another exposure on the 

 property of W. S. Peniston shows the red rock filling pits in the 

 limestone as red clay fills pits in the limestone and sand- 

 stone further up the hill, where it is from a few inches to almost 

 twenty feet thick. The whole deposit here is from to 10 feet 

 thick and, as at the quarry, it includes the lower portion or 

 Helix zone of the sandstone. Some portions of the mass, nota- 

 h\y the top, are loaded with Helix, but Livona appears to be 

 wanting. No marine forms, aside from Livona, were found at 

 the exposures on this side of Castle harbor. 



A knob of limestone reaches the surface in a road-cut near 

 the Harrington house, where it is fifty feet above tide, and the 

 red material with fragments of limestone resembles in all 

 features except consolidation the present soil on top of the wall. 

 Helix is abundant for about two feet above the red bed. A 

 similar exposure beyond Paynter Yale at the east corner of 

 Harrington sound shows the same conditions. Pear island, 

 midway in Harrington sound, has limestone on its northwest- 

 erly side covered by the helix-heaving sandstone, w^hich, on the 

 opposite side of the island, passes below the water surface. 



Contacts between sandstone and ])rojecting knobs of lime- 

 stone were seen at several places in Devonshire and Pembroke 

 parishes, but no intermediate deposit was observed ; these 

 knobs may have been free from soil cover as are those project- 

 ing above the dune sands of to-day. The contact is well shown 

 in the military road of Hamilton parish, where limestone and 

 sandstone alternate, the latter evidently occu})ying hollows or 

 petty valleys in the former. Helix was seen here but the red 

 bed was not present at the three points examined. 



The overlying sandstone must have accumulated ver^^ slowly 

 in the beginning at most localities, as Helix occurs in extraordi- 



