156 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [fEB. 8, 



the fauna eitlier quantitatively or qualitativel3^ The com- 

 monest sea-star, a gigantic species of Helias^ter^ finds shelter 

 beneath the wharves either in the shallow water or stranded 

 upon the wet sand by the retreating tide. It was not observed 

 to climb the piles. This form was found to possess in general 

 twenty arms, though a few specimens were observed with twenty- 

 four. Species of Asterias of varied hues also congregate here, 

 and an annelid (Andouina) is not uncommon in the sand. The 

 masonry near high water-mark, which supports the base of some 

 of the more extensive docks, proved a ftivorite resort for numer- 

 ous limpets (Acmoea patina, A. pelfa, A. persona, A. spectrum?, 

 etc.). These cluster on the face of the stone, and often harmon- 

 ize more or less completely with it in color. Thej^ vary con- 

 siderably in form and color, and w^ien a large number were 

 collected from various regions it was often possible to arrange a 

 series connecting some of the more extreme forms b}^ inter- 

 mediate gradations. Chitons (MopaUa ciliala, Katherina 

 tunicata, etc.) were also found adhering to the outer surface of 

 the stones or wedged in the crevices and frequently harmonize 

 in color with their surroundings. Such crevices are also fre- 

 quented by a bronze red species of Gucumaria, often so firmly 

 wedged between the stones that it was impossible to dislodge 

 them. From their retreat they extend and retract at pleasure 

 the anterior portion of their body. There should also be men- 

 tioned here the abundant barnacles (Balanus balanoides) and 

 numerous color, and form varieties of the extremely common 

 Purpjura. Further up the harbor near the '' slaughter house," a 

 greenish species of Amphitrite was obtained under stones. On 

 the open stony beaches a small Isopod (Sphseroma oregon- 

 ensis Dana) was encountered in great quantit}' clustered under 

 stones near low water-mark. A large species of Doris also fre- 

 quents the rocks. 



The extensive sand flats above mentioned are especially not- 

 able for their annelid and lamellibranch fauna and afford 

 wonderful material for both cytological and systematic research. 

 Among annelids may be noted a Diopatra that has the same 

 string cells attached to its eggs as was noted by Andrews* in D. 

 magna, and D. cupraea. Two species of Ghaetopterus occur here, 

 one with large ligneous tubes, the other with smaller ringed ones. 

 A Nereis is often met with in these tubes, though species of 

 Nereis living free in the sand are common. A species of Girratu- 

 lus is quite conspicuous from its numerous stringed gill filaments. 

 In this respect it is outwardl}^ not unlike Andouina. Rhynchoholis 

 and Anip)hiti'ite occur under stones, tlie latter often with a com- 



* Reproductive Organs of Diopatra Journ. Morph., Vol. v. 1891. 



