236 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [mAR. 15, 



The best coals are those averaging from three to four feet. 

 Seams which are thicker are usually of poorer qualit3^ and con- 

 tain dirt bands. The cannel coal is of chief importance and, at 

 Wigan, where it reaches its maximum thickness of three feet 

 is extensively mined. From Wigan, as a centre, it thins out 

 in all directions. It is of great value in gas making. The coal 

 itself has yielded numerous remains of fishes, teeth, spines, etc., 

 as well as large Stigmarian rootlets. 



Northwards of St. Helens a great slice of the Middle Meas- 

 ures is cut out by the great up-Holland Fault, which has a throw 

 of 700 yards. This fault, like all great faialts in the Lancashire 

 area, ranges approximate!}' N. N. W. and S. S. E. and is roughly 

 parallel to the Irwell Valley fault already mentioned. It brings 

 in the Lower Coal Measures on its eastern side. 



(d) Burnley Goal Field. 



This area of Middle Coal Measures surrounded by the lower 

 series and overlaid by glacial clays and drifts, no upper series 

 being present. The best section obtainable is that of Fulledge, 

 which, omitting detail, is as follows: 



Fulledge Section. Ft. In. 



Strata 14 



Doghole Coal 5 



Strata 16 



Charley Coal 1 



Strata 2 9 



Kershaw Coal 3 5 



Strata 71 



Coal 3 10 



Strata 10 2 



Burnley 4 Feet 4 



Strata 25 



Old Yard Coal 5 1 



Strata 177 6 



Lower Yard Coal 2 11 



Strata 77 8 



Low Bottom Coal 3 6 



Strata 23 



Cannel 2 5 



Strata 62 



Fulledge Thin Bed Coal 2 10 



Strata 44 



Great Mine Coal 4 11 



Strata 116 7 



China BedCoal 2 



Strata, with thin coal 96 



Da7}dy Bed Coal 2 9 



Strata 98 



Arley Mine Coal 4 



