46 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [NOV. 29, 



Mr. Bafeeman's plan was to bring the waters collected from the 

 drainage areas at the head of the river Severn in Wales (includ- 

 ing the drainage area of the Yyrnwy) by gravitation througli an 

 aqueduct 180 miles in length, and capable of conveying 230,- 

 000,000 gallons per diem. Messrs. Hemans and Hassard pro- 

 posed to bring the waters of lakes Thirlmere, Ullswater, and 

 Haweswater through conduits, tunnels, and pipes equivalent in 

 their carrying capacity to a river 30 feet wide and 10 feet deep, 

 over a length of 270 miles. These plans, which were considered 

 the best, were reported upon unfavorably, principally on account 

 of the cost, the estimated expense of Mr. Bateman's scheme being 

 55,000,000 pounds, and that of the Cumberland Lake scheme still 

 greater. 



This report decided the future supply of the metropolis and 

 confined it to local sources. The supply from Lake Thirlmere 

 has already been appiropriated by the city of Manchester. The 

 water will be brought in a tunnel nine feet square to the reser- 

 voirs at Prestwich on one side of Manchester, a distance of 95 

 miles, and continued thence to reservoirs on the other side of 

 Manchester, a distance of 110 miles. Mr. Hill, the engineer of 

 the new supply, informed me that the first ten million gallons 

 are estimated to cost two million pounds, inasmuch as the tun- 

 nels of full size are to be constructed at once, and connected by 

 a forty-inch iron pipe where siphons are necessary. The second 

 ten million gallons are estimated to cost only 400,000 pounds. 

 The land damages to persons living around the lake and along 

 the tunnel are 225,000 pounds. 



The supply from Vyrmuy Lahehas heen appropriated hy Liver- 

 2)Ool. This artificial lake is to be created by a dam which at its 

 top will have a length of 1,173 feet, and will rise to a height of 

 of 144 feet above the bed rock and 84 feet above the bed of the 

 existing river. Its length will be four miles and three-quarters, 

 its area 1,165 acres, and its greatest depth of water about 84 

 feet. The aqueduct from the lake to the existing Prescot reser- 

 voir, 9 miles east of the Liverpool Town Hall, is 68 miles. It 

 will consist mainly of tunnels through which the ultimate supply 

 of 40,000,000 gallons a day may be passed without filling them, 

 and of three lines of pipes each having an internal tliameter vary- 

 ing according to the fall of the sections from 39 to 42 inches. All 

 this ve7'y poor water froin the Welsh mountains will be subjected to 

 filtration through sand-filters, the Oswestry reservoir and the 

 three reservoirs for filtered water having an aggregate storage 

 capacity of 54,540,500 gallons. 



In one very important particular the Commission of 1866 was 

 certainly in error. It thought a probable increase of population 

 to 4,500,000 or 5,000,000 would have to be provided for, and a 



