82 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [jAN. 31^ 



apart, while in each line the tubes are about 12 feet apart. Fig.. 

 5 shows the relative position of the Brooklyn aqueduct M, the 

 pump house 0, and the driven wells in two rows DD, Fig. 4. 

 Figc 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the plan. In this 

 sketch it will be seen that each tube is connected with a large 

 pipe A, lying midway between the two rows of driven tubes and 

 connecting them with a central or common chamber H, from 

 which the suction pipe J extends to the pump house. In this 

 figure the connecting pipes C C and the junction B B are shown 

 more clearly than in Fig. 5. 



The pumps in the pump house draw water from all the 

 wells simultaneously and discharge it directly into the aqueduct 

 through the pipe N. (Fig. 5.) 



Fig. 1 represents a vertical section drawn through two driven 

 wells, showing the extension of the tubes downward through 

 several strata of sand and gravel to the lower stratum G, from 

 which the supply is drawn. The ends of the tubes are pointed 

 to facilitate their being pushed downwards, and are perforated 

 for several feet in length near the ends, to permit the entrance of 

 the water; the perforations being covered with a wire netting 

 to prevent the introduction of large pieces of gravel. 



Fig. 2 illustrates the apparatus for prospecting for water. A 

 two-inch tube is driven down for a few feet at the surface, with 

 fittings at the top which close the top, except that a spout shown 

 in the figure is attached to discharge water, sand, gravel, and. 

 clay into a tub. These fittings permit of a smaller tube being 

 inserted into the top of the larger, with a hollow handle con- 

 nected with a flexible hose to a portable pump. A man, by 

 grasping this hollow handle, can churn the inner tube up and 

 down while water is being forced into it from the pump. The 

 bottom of this inner tube is chisel-shaped, but there are two 

 openings near the bottom, which permit the water pumped 

 through the inner tube to enter the space between the inner and 

 outer tubes near the bottom. The churning action cuts up the 

 sand and gravel, and as it is mingled with the water forced in, 

 both the water and sand or clay are forced to the surface up- 

 wards between the two tubes and discharged into the tub. 



A barrel or portable tank supplies the water if necessary. 



