260 HULL SCIENTIFIC AND FIELD NATURALISTS' CLUB. 



bronze wire. One of these brooches is of particular interest, 

 from the fact that it is to all intents and purposes precisely 

 of the pattern of the modern safety pin (see figs. 9 & 0//). 

 This specimen, which is of the La Tene period, is still in 

 working order, the pin having quite a good spring with it, 

 and the catch for the reception of the point is complete. 

 There are a number of brooches of a somewhat unusual type 

 in the collection, some being plain, and others highly orna- 

 mented. Plate XXVIII., figs 1, 2, & 3, show some of these; 

 they consist of a straight piece of bronze, hammered round 

 to form a massive straight hinge, with the pin and catch 

 beneath. An elaborate variety of this kind of brooch, which 

 has a lozenge-shaped piece of bronze surmounted by another 

 incised piece, is shown in fig. 2. Evidently Plate XXVIII., 

 fig. 1, is a larger example of this type, the ornament being 

 missing; and we have an ornament which appears to have 

 beenaffixed to another example. In fig. 4 is a flat brooch 

 of iron, which appears to have been silvered, and has 

 originally had a jewel or other ornament in the centre of 

 the circular portion. What may be a part of a similar brooch 

 is shown in fig. 5. Figs. 5, 6, & 7 show other curious 

 forms of brooches, most of which are complete with the ex- 

 ception of the acus. Mr. F. Haverfield considers that Plate 

 XXXIII., Nos. 1, 2, 4, & 5, are of Gaulish origin, and of the 

 1st century a.d. Figs. 3, 6, & 7 are of late 1st century or 

 2nd century. In Plate XXV., fig. 13, only a very small portion 

 of which is missing, appears to show Celtic influence. The 

 acus underneath is still in position, and in working order. 



Of particular interest are the two brooches shown in 

 Plate XXIX., figs. 1 & 2. The larger one is 2J inches in length. 

 Both examples are provided with a "rat-trap" spring, and 

 the flat piece of bronze forming the catch is perforated by 

 three almost rectangular holes. These two brooches, to- 

 gether with that shown in Plate XXXIX., fig. 3, which is of a 

 somewhat more advanced type, were found together with 

 some British silver coins,* the whole being enclosed in a hollow 



* These silver coins, some of which have recently been described at a 

 meeting of the British Numismatic Society by Mr. Bernard Roth, 

 belonged to the Brigantes, a British tribe which inhabited Yorkshire, 

 Lancashire, Lincolnshire, and other northern counties. According to Sir 

 John Evans, " being situated so far north, it is not until A.D. 50 or 51 

 that we find any mention of the Brigantes or their rulers in Roman 

 History ; but in the former year we learn that Ostorius quelled an 

 insurrection among them, and in the latter year we are told that 

 Caractacus, having sought refuge with Cartismantua, their queen, was 

 by her treacherously given up to the Romans." 



