ios) 
to 
THE OREGON 
NATURALIST. 
The character ofthe arrow and spear points 
found in this section indicate clearly the war 
like nature of the inhabitants, 
Spear points of any size are very rare, but like 
the arrow points they are exquisitely shaped 
aud capable of making a wound very similar to 
that made by a large rifle ball. Obsidian or 
volcanic glass is the material commonly used 
for spear and arrow points, and for knives. 
The knives are rarely above an inch and a 
half long, but the cutting edges are so keen 
that it would not be difficult to skin an animal 
with one of them. 
The finest knives are made from choice ob- 
sidian, but, I have seen very good specimens 
of quartz and flint. 
The arrow points are all small and thin and 
some cofthem have serrated “edges. The aver- 
age length would not exceed an inch, and very 
many are smaller. 
Obsidian is the favorite material but I have 
some points cut from agate, quartz, fine smoky 
topaz and bloodstone. 
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Ornaments of polished Turquoise. 
Beads and charms of shells and polished 
stones are some times found, the shells being 
most common, These must have been brought 
from the coast or obtained by trading with 
coast Indians, as such shells are to be found 
no nearer the ruins. These ornaments are in 
the shape of pierced shells, ear rings and large 
square or round bits of flat shell pierced with 
one or more holes. 
Ornaments of polished Bloodstone. 
The finer ornaments consists of beads and 
charms of polished bloodstone, and miilichite 
and occasionally a piece of fine turquoise. 
Small bits of pierced pottery are comm ™m 
Small 
clay figures of animals have been found in a few 
and were probably used as charms, 
villages and some of them are pierced for use 
on a string. 
Much pottery is fuund in fragments around 
the villages. but whole vessels of any sort are 
extremely rare. I havea tiny vessel in olla 
shape which hoids about a table sj oon full and 
was found in a ruin, 
Fragment of Pottery showing Greek key 
pattern 
The only perfect large vessel which I have 
seen wes found turned over the head of a 
skeleton. Much of the pottery is plain and 
coarse, in shades of gray, brown, red and black. 
But some of it is decorated with lines, dots 
and intricate patterns in black paint. I have 
fragments which show diamonds, squares and a 
very good representation of the Sun There is 
also, but more rarely, a fine thin white pot- 
tery decorated with black. 
I have pieces of this which show beautiful 
lattice and Greek key patterns, but have never 
seen a whole vessel of it. 
A similar pottery, red or brown, with black, 
