THE OREGON 
powerful still, and were sure to resent any tri- 
fling with or neglect of the remains of their 
favorite people, 
they do not know. 
What became of that people 
S. A. Clarkin Oregonian 
THE GLACIAL CLAYS. 
By Pror, ARTHUR M, Epwarps, M. D. 
When the rocks (and there is meant thereby 
the sedimentary soils, sands and clays, for the 
geologists know as rock any substance which 
occur in the earth, meaning anything softer than 
the rocks ordinarily speaking,) which were 
found newer than the Tertiary, in what is or- 
dinarily called the Quaternary series, there was 
laid down certain gravels and clays which have 
puzzled the observer to account fur, 
The gravels laid down in the United States 
in a region which is down to the New Bruns- 
wick in New Jersey, not be.ow that, and were 
called glacial gravels, because they evidently 
formed in the period when the ice covered 
the states of New Jersey, New York, Con- 
necticut and further North, This gravel was 
known as glacial moraine and it is very thick, 
It is made up of the washing of rocks containing 
fossils sometimes, at other times not fossils, 
some lime stones, some granites and some shales, 
The pieces are from fine sand to large rocks 
many feet across, and the geologists have locate- 
ed them in the North-East, where these rocks 
piobably came from, Not only in valleys but 
on mountain tops, on the top of Mount Wash- 
ington itself these boulders, as they have been 
called are seen. Some as large as a good sized 
house, also came from the East. They often 
are striated, that is to say they are marked 
with grooves in longitudinal lines showing they 
were fixed in the ice that moved along in its 
course, dragging them over the rock below and 
striating them and the country over which they 
moved. These strize are very plain and tell 
thei: story to the thinking and observing mind. 
But while the gravel was thus carried along, 
there was mixed with it a certain amouut of 
clay which was the finer part of the gravel so to 
speak. When the ice melted at last it was de- 
posited on the top of the gravel. This was 
NATURALIST. 67 
thinner in some places than in others, It fell 
When the ice hadall 
melted, there were formed in certain places near 
down in immense banks, 
the edge of the moraine, numerous depressions, 
These depressions are called in New Jersey, 
Kettle Holes, in Massachusetts, Dungeons, and 
various other names in other places. They have 
no openings commonly and are dry, swampy or 
contain water, They are most distinctly round, 
At the bottom is the clay. The same clay that 
covers the country from New Jersey northward. 
Examination of this clay shows it to contain 
fossils, microscopical of course. These are call- 
ed Diatomacez, or Bacillariacee, and was reck- 
oned as plants, but are now put intoa kingdom 
by themselves, They are called Protista, mid- 
way between animals and plants, They are most- 
ly silica or quartz, and are most beautifully 
sculptured, They were considered recent be- 
cause they were thesamc as recent ones which 
grow in ponds and brooks now, But now they 
are known to be fossil. The claysof New Jer- 
sey are glacial clays. 
THE LORD’S PRAYER 
IN 
CHINOOK JARGON. 
Nesika papa klaxta  mitlite kopa 
Our Father who art pele 
sahale, kloshe kopa nesika 
the above good in our 
(or Heaven,) : 
tumtum mika nem; kloshe mika 
hearts  (be)thy name; good thou 
tyee kopa konaway  tilakum; kloshe 
chief among all people; good 
mika tumtum kopa_ illahe kahkwa 
thy will upon earth as 
kopa  sahale; — potlatch = konaway 
in the above; give every 
sun nesika muckamuck, pee kopet- 
day our food and remem- 
kumtuks konaway  nesika mesache, 
ber not all our sins, 
kahkwa nesika mamook kopa 
as we do to 
klaska spose mamook mesahche kopa 
them that do wrong to 
nesika; marsh siah kopa nesika 
us; put away — far from us 
konaway mesahche. Kloshe kahkwa. 
all evil. Amen. 
Gill’s Dictionary. 
