THE OREGON NATURALIST. 
115 
WRITTEN FOR THE OREGON NATURALIST; 
AMONG THE STONE IMPLEMENTS. 
F. E. COLEMAN. 
ARROWS AND _ SPEARS. 
These are the most common of my finds, and 
they may be divided into several classes. Let 
us first examine the notches, and begin with 
the deep narrow notch. Those in my collection 
I find to be worked at an angle of from 30 to 
45 degrees from a horizontal base, and as it is 
necessary to do fine chipping I have always 
found such points to be of beautiful workman- 
ship. Next is the shallow notch, 
which is the most common pattern with me. 
Following close to these, come those with a 
broad circular notch, closely allied to the stem- 
notched 
in order 
med variety. I have seen double 
points but it has never been my good luck to 
to possess one of my own. The leaf-shaped 
point next comes under my ojservation with 
various out-line appearances, and last but not 
least is the little triangular war point, which 
in almost every case is a beauty in outline and 
finish, As I look over my collection I find 
the base of arrows and spears to be straight, 
round, pointed and indented, the edge on the 
base being sparp, blunt, and abrupt. As I 
study the point of the implement, I take note 
that they are from the sharpness of a pin to 
very dull, and the edge will be smooth, sharp, 
As I continue my study 
represented in the 
serrated, and rotary. 
I find 
manufacture of these points. 
flint as yellowish, white, brown, pink, black, 
striped, and mottled, also yellowand red jasper, 
sugar stone, obsidian, chert, quartz, slate, 
fossilized rock, and others too numerous to 
mention. We presume these implements were 
used to shoot from the bow, or to point some 
shaft, but I often think as I gaze upon an 
extra fine point, that it may have heen prized 
How often I 
many minerals 
Every shade of 
as acharm or an ornament. 
have wished that my arrows could hold an 
hours social chat with me, that they might, in 
fancy, carry me back through the mists of the 
past, and leave me for a while in the midst of 
Prehistoric age of stone. 
imaginations I could see large brawny men, 
the 
stealthily moving from place to place in quest 
of game for food, or waging war upon a neigh- 
boring tribe, As I take note of their weapons, 
I see them armed with all manner of stone 
implements, the battle axe, war-club, spear, 
bow and arrows, and perhaps the sling, and 
jaw-bone, although crude, they served the 
purpose as thoroughly as our repeating rifles 
oftoday, 
KNIVES, DRILLS, AND SCRAPERS. 
We will continue the study of these imple- 
ments by first taking note of the knife, The 
same class of materiai seems to run through 
Many 
shapes come to light, yet I have never seen 
this family that the arrows contain, 
over Six varieties, First we have two general 
classes, the single edge and the double edge. 
Ofthe former we find the straight and curved 
edge, while in the latter is found the straight, 
curved, double pointed, and diamond shape. 
Most of the double edged knives have a finely 
worked cutting edge on all sides. I have one 
made from the so called sugar stone, that has 
a straight base. These implements were prob- 
ably use! as knives, but it would be quite 
possible to use them as spears; as I look a 
little further my gaze comes in contact with 
specimens of workmanship, 
those beautiful 
drills and perforators. These show to me 
greater skillin making than any of the imple- 
ments before mentioned. The sizes vary from 
one fourth inch, up. They are usually rather 
on the oval order, yet some I have found are 
Some are double pointed and 
Of the single 
pointed I find the base to be of several patterns. 
three square. 
are even and perfect in outline. 
Virst, tapering slightly from the point, and 
ending in a diamond shape; Second, running 
back quite even four fifths of the way and end- 
ing in a large round ball; Third, the hase so 
worked as to orm a perfect letter T and again 
to be indented at the base. I have one, three 
square, double pointed, and rotary. I can 
