RELICS OF THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA—PIERS. 31 
Speaking of some Indians who followed the French vessel 
along the sands, “with their bows in hand, and their quivers 
upon their backs, always singing and dancing, not taking care 
with what they should live by the way,” the worthy advocate 
exclaims with enthusiasm, ‘“ Happy people! yea, a thousand 
times more happy than they which in these parts made them- 
selves to be worshipped; if they had the knowledge of God and 
of their salvation.” [Book I, chap. xiv.] 
We shall now leave the old French narrator and proceed to 
aiscuss the examples of aboriginal skill with which this paper 
is chiefly concerned. In classifying the specimens, I have princi- 
pally adopted the arrangement given by Dr. Charles Rau in his 
account of the archzological collection of the United States 
National Museum (Washington, 1876.) In a few cases, how- 
ever, I have found it necessary to depart slightly from his 
nomenclature. 
A.—FLAKED AND CHIPPED STONE. 
Arrow-heads.—The collection before me contains eleven speci- 
mens which [have so denominated (Plate I, Figs. 1 to 11). This is 
rather a small number, but it is very hkely that several have been 
lost or given away since the formation of the collection. Some of 
the implements are flaked with great skill. With one exception, 
to be hereafter noted, all are formed of silicious stones, mostly 
jaspideous, such as are found in the western parts of the pro- 
vince. None have been polished in any degree. All are the 
result of the ordinary process of flaking by pressure. The 
points are mostly unfractured. In length the specimens vary 
from 1:25 in. (Fig. 8) to nearly 2°75 ins. (Fig. 4). Larger imple- 
ments of this kind are denominated “spear-heads.” The dis- 
tinction, however, is an arbitrary one; for without the handle, 
which almost invariably has utterly decayed, there is no means 
by which an archeeologist, in the present state of our knowledge, 
can form a fixed rule by which he may assert positively whether 
a given head was used as a spear, an arrow, or a knife. It is 
very likely that some of the larger so-called arrow-heads, as well 
as many of the “spear-heads,” were hafted and employed as 
