46 RELICS OF THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA—PIERS. 
length. Another specimen of this kind is in my own collection, 
and was found at Waverley, near Dartmouth, by Mr. Skerry 
(Fig. 94). It, together with three of the six just mentioned, are 
wide and exhibit a very deep, broad groove. Another, narrow 
and 9 inches long, is very interesting (Fig. 64). Although the 
groove is quite evident and extends for half the length, yet the 
end of the tool bears no cutting edge, that portion being blunt, 
The other extremity, however, has been rubbed into a narrow 
adze-like edge. The implement may be a disabled gouge which 
had been altered into an adze; the gouge groove, having been 
utilized as a convenient resting place for the T-shaped portion of 
a handle, which was then whipped round with thongs. Or 
possibly the groove may have been intentionally made in order 
to assist in maintaining the position of the haft. Another 
specimen (Fig. 65) much resembles the one just described, but 
the gouge-edge is less blunt. Both may have been hafted in the 
middle like a modern pick-axe, and so used both as a gouge and 
and as an adze; but this is not probable. As a slick-stone for 
dressing skins, the combination of two forms would not be with- 
out advantage. The fragment of an adze-like implement (Fig. 
46) which has been referred to in my description of polished 
stone hatchets and adzes, resembles the two tools I have just 
noticed, inasmuch as although the edge is undoubtedly adze-like 
in shape, yet the upper portion of the fragment bears a shallow 
but distinct groove. Among the specimens in the cabinet of the 
Canadian Institute, Toronto, is an implement having a gouge at 
one extremity and a chisel at the other. It was found in Simcoe 
County, Ontario, and will be found figured in the report of the 
Institute for 1891, page 38. 
An examination of at least three gouges (Figs. 61, 63, 94,) of 
the second or half-grooved form, puts it beyond doubt that these 
three were hafted like adzes, with the concavity facing the user. 
My own specimen (Fig. 94) from Waverley shows plainly on the 
convex side two ridges for retaining the lashing, and another 
(Fig. 63), well proportioned, exhibits two prominent nodules for 
the same purpose. One or two adze-like “celts” bear similar 
