RELICS OF THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA—PIERS. 47 
nodules (Figs. 47 and 22). Probably many other gouges were 
thus hafted. Without doubt it was the most reasonable method 
of handling these tools when delivering excavating blows. 
We shall now pass to those gouges in which the groove extends 
throughout the entire length. Five well-defined examples (Figs. 
66-70) are in the Fairbanks collection, together with two (Figs. 
71, 72) which are rough and very poorly formed. The groove 
varies in depth from about ‘09 of an inch (Fig. 72) to more than 
50 of an inch (Fig. 66), and in width from a little over ‘75 to 
nearly 1°50, Three of the five well-formed examples are frag- 
mentary, having been transversely broken near the middle. 
The adze-like manner of hafting would not be quite so well 
adapted to this particu lar form. 
Grooved Awes.—These implements are rarely found in Nova 
Scotia. Dr. Patterson has succeeded in obtaining but one speci- 
men (7°25 inches long by 325 wide) which was discovered at St. 
Mary’s, Guysborough County. Two examples are in the Provincial 
Museum, Halifax, and have been previously described.* One of 
them is double grooved. In this respect it is probably unique in 
Nova Scotia. The second groove was very likely formed in 
order to shift the haft and so improve the balance of a faulty 
implement. These, together with the examples which I am 
about to describe, are all which have come to my notice in Nova 
Scotia. It is quite possible that they were only introduced 
through trade with other tribes or as trophies of war. They are 
also rare in Ontario as compared with Ohio, Kentucky, and some 
neighbouring states. Dr. Bailey informs me that of six axes in 
the museum of the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 
four are grooved, and he has seen others of the same kind in the 
St. John collection and elsewhere in that province. 
Two well-formed, perfect specimens (Figs. 73-74) each with 
a single groove, are in the Fairbanks collection. They agree in 
outline and general proportions, and their form may be consider- 
ed typical. The larger one (Fig. 73) is 7°50 inches long and 4 
inches in greatest width, and weighs 49} ounces. The smaller 
* Trans. N.S. Inst. Nat. Sc., vol. vii., p. 282. 
