NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK—BAILEY. 77 
are also more frequent upon the Bay of Fundy side than upon 
that of St. Mary’s Bay, while the former also feels most keenly 
the effects of cold northerly winds. 
The influence of the above causes, combined with others 
previously noted as resulting from geological structure and 
depth of soil covering, are in the first place directly seen in the 
contrast between the northern and southern sides of the penin- 
sula as regards the variety and vigour of the vegetation, and 
secondly, in a somewhat marked tendency towards an arrange- 
ment of the vegetation in zones, parallel to the length of the 
Neck and its bounding waters. Lastly, the depth and conse- 
quently sheltered positions of such transverse valleys as that of 
Sandy Cove present still other conditions, the influence of which 
is directly reflected upon the plants there met with. 
The limits and distinctive features of these several tracts 
have not yet been worked out with any precision, if indeed that 
is possible, but some of their more general characteristics may 
be briefly stated. 
The first of these zones is that which more immediately 
forms the northern shore. This, although almost everywhere 
rocky and in places precipitous, is more commonly low, present- 
ing broad, bare ridges of rock, fringed below by a dense matting 
of Fucus, and sheeted above by patches of grass or low-lying 
shrubs. On wet and rocky cliffs tufts of Sedum Rhodiola are 
not uncommon, associated with species of Saxifrage, and well 
indicate the sub-arctic or sub-alpine conditions under which 
their existence is maintained. The effects of such conditions 
are also well seen in the woods which generally prevail along 
‘this shore of the Neck. They contain much fewer broad-leaved 
plants than oecur farther inland, while their dwartish and in 
many instances almost prostrate growth, together with the 
uniform bending of their trunks and branches away from the 
direction of the prevalent winds, strikingly attest the effect of 
their struggle with adverse influences. 
From the immediate shore the land upon the north side of 
the Neck rises rapidly, but often in a succession of steps, with 
