MIXTURES OF ELECTROLYTES.—McINTOSH. 127 
It will be noticed that the ratios in the above table are not the 
same for all solutions, but are practically the same for solutions 
ot both salts of the same conductivity. The variation of the 
ratio may have been due to some unknown defect of apparatus 
or mode of using it; but as this source of error was equally 
operative in the case of solutions of both salts of the same 
conductivity, it would probably be equally operative also in 
mixtures of the same conductivity. Hence in reducing the 
observed conductivity of a mixture of potassium and sodium 
chloride solutions to Kohlrausch’s standard, the factor employed 
was the value of the ratio for the conductivity which the mixture 
was found to have, this ratio being determined from the above 
table by graphical interpolation. Bender found a similar 
variation in the ratio of his conductivities of solutions of these 
salts to Kohlrausch’s conductivities for solutions of the same 
strength. 
On comparing the observed conductivities of solutions of 
hydrochloric acid with conductivities of solutions of equal concen- 
tration, as given by Kohlrausch, the ratios were found to be 
practically uniform and equal to 0.955. In the tables which 
follow all conductivities are expressed in terms of Kohlrausch’s 
standard. 
Conductivities of the Simple Solutions. 
In order to obtain the data for the calculations, it is necessary 
to draw curves giving the relation of the dilution to the concen- 
tration of ions in the simple solutions, and therefore to know 
the concentrations and conductivities of sufficiently extended 
series of these solutions. In the case of sodium and potassium 
chlorides sufficient data were available for this purpose in 
Kohlrausch’s observations. The following tables give the dilu- 
tions and ionic concentrations of solutions of these salts examined 
by him. 
