176 ARBORESCENT VARIETY OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, 
the parent stem, attaining the height of fully fifteen feet in old 
plants, ferming a column cylindrical and varying in circumfer- 
ence, in the largest one seen, I should say, about five or six feet, 
a beautiful column of greenery, surpassing in appearance many 
exotic cultivated species of its tribe. 
Studying this juniper from a botanical view, the sole 
difference presented to us is the difference in growth between it 
and the ground juniper. In foliage, infloresence, and fruit they 
are alike. The only question is, from its mode of growth should 
we describe it as a marked variety. In the locality where the 
upright plants grew were many circles or saucers of the low 
growing plant. In some of these the terminal (peripheral) 
branches showed a tendency to upward growth. Individual, 
central branches grew upwards a foot or more above their 
neighbours. Some arborescent plants seemed to rise from pros- 
trate roots. They, however, did not assume the perfect cylin- 
drical form of the true shrubby plants which we found growing 
independently and remote from the ground-lying form. The 
fact seemed that upgrowth exists most strongly in isolated 
plants of this kind. The individual difference between the 
junipers mentioned above is so great as to the eye of any ordi- 
nary observer, even though having botanical knowledge, to cause 
the supposition that they were distinct species. Closer observa- 
‘tion, however, convinces that the plants are the same though 
varying in growth. 
We will, for descriptive purposes, take first, Linnzeus’s 
diagnosis of his Juniperus communis from the Sps. Plantar., 
1470, viz.: “ A large shrub, extremities of the branches smooth 
and angular; leaves in threes, linear, acerose, sharply mucronate, 
shining green beneath, but with a glaucous line along the centre 
of the upper surface, they are resupinate, turning their upper 
surface to the ground; barren flowers in aments, small, axillary, 
with roundish stipitate scales, enclosing the anthers; fertile 
flowers on another plant having a small, three-parted involucre 
growing to the scales, which are three; fruit fleshy, berried, of 
a dark, purplish color, formed of the confluent succulent scales, 
