178 ARBORESCENT VARIETY OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, 
kindly forwarded to me to help out my notes on the Junipers, 
for publication in the Proceedings. It is dated January 5th, 1895: 
DEAR DR. SOMERS,— 
On reference to Endlicher’s Synopsis Coniferarwm, published 
at Cracow, in 1847, I find that he describes four forms of 
Juniperus communis, viz. :— 
(a) vulgaris—Shrubby, with spreading branches and 
spherical berries. 
(b) Hispanica.—With ascending straight branches, and 
egg-shaped berries. 
(c) Caucasica.—With divaricate spreading, somewhat pend- 
ent branches, leaf clusters or verticils distant from each other, 
berries ovate. 
(d) arborescens.—With ascending straight  fastigiate 
branches, forming a top. 
In Koch’s Synopsis Flore Germanice, edition of 1844. 
Juniperus communis is described as shrubby (fruticosus) erect, 
becoming arborescent. 
In the English Cyclopedia (Nat. Hist., vol. iii, p. 311,) it is 
stated that juniper occasionally becomes a small tree. 
The French dictionaries give the name Genevre, Juniper ; 
Genevrier, Juniper tree. The name of the old town of Geneva 
is said to be derived from the juniper, as are obviously the names 
in modern European languages of the fermented liquor called 
Geneva, obtained from juniper berries, and the distilled spirit 
from grain flavored with these berries, called Holland gin, the 
latter being a contracted corruption of Geneva. 
In the Hlora Rossica of Petrus 8. Pallas, a large folio of 
magnificent colored drawings, published at St. Petersburg, in 
1784, by command by Catherine IL, the Juniperus com- 
munis, is described as growing in sterile, sandy places and 
woody hills throughout the Russian empire, frequent in the 
northerly and temperate regions, occurring also in the southern 
mountain tracts, as in the Taurian Chersonese, about Sudak, 
Balaklava, Lambat, and Sebastopol Harbour, also in_ the 
