V.—ON THE RELATION OF THE SURFACE TENSION AND 
SpeciFIC GRAVITY OF CERTAIN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 
TO THEIR STATE OF lIonizATION.—By E. H. ARCHIBALD, 
B. Sc., Dalhousie College, Halifax, N. S. 
(Communicated by Prof. J. G. MacGregor, December 13th, 1897.) 
In a paper communicated to this Society last winter, Prof. 
MacGregor* pointed out that according to the ionization concep- 
tion of the constitution of a solution of an electrolyte, in the 
ease of a solution in which the dissociation was not complete, 
the difference between the physical properties of the solution 
and those of its solvent, must be compounded of the differences 
produced by the undissociated molecules and by. the free ions, 
He drew from this that it should be possible to express the 
numerical values of the various properties of such a solution 
in terms of the state of ionization of the electrolytes it contained. 
In sufficiently dilute simple solutions where the molecules dis- 
sociated or undissociated might be regarded as being far enough 
apart to render mutual action between them impossible, such 
an expression would be of the simple form, 
iS eels O15 b, ONG, celadieyse, hie acca 3 Sle s\n 10 Aap since (1), 
where S is the numerical value of any property of a solution 
(density, surface tension, &c.,) S,, that of the same property of 
water under the same physical conditions, n the number of 
equivalent gramme-molecules per unit volume, « the ionization 
coefficient of the electrolyte in the solution, and / and k 
constants, called ionization constants, for any given property of 
any given electrolyte. In the case of mixtures of simple solu- 
tions, provided no change of volume occurs on mixing, the 
expression will be of the form, 
Vy 
S=Sy + (ae —41)n, +1, a, ON rar ce $0, 4&0. 
+ (eq (1—ag) my +0, “472 ae 
4+. + &. .....-4..- 2), 
v1 +v,+ &e. are @) 
* Tran. N.S. Inst. Sci., Vol. EX., p. ‘219. 
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