New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 373 



beans are allowed to ripen, the grubs mature inside the bean. The 

 grubs are transformed into beetles, within the bean, and these come 

 forth from the stored beans usually in the spring. Several grubs 

 may enter the same seed, so that the beans may be pierced with 

 many small holes. The insect does not feed on the germ of the 

 beans so that infested beans may be used for seed, though they, do 

 not produce as vigorous plants as do beans that are free from the 

 weevils. 



Remedies. — Care should be taken that none of the insects escape 

 from the stored beans, or that none are taken to the field in the seed. 

 The weevils may be killed by exposing the infested seed to the fumes 

 of carbon bi-sulphide. This is done as recommended in article 4 

 on Fungicides and Insecticides. 



Cahhage. 



Aphis. — This insect is treated more fully in Bulletin 83 of this 

 Station from which the following account is taken: Probably there is 

 no better known cabbage pest than the cabbage aphis, also known as 

 cabbage louse and " greenfly." Many heads of cabbage are found to 

 be filthy from the masses of lice on them. It is not an uncommon 

 sight in the fields to see heads with the outside leaves dead and 

 covered with the inflated skins of what have been parasitized aphids ; 

 above may be a few half-dead leaves covered with about an equal num- 

 ber of parasitized and live aphids, wliile within the withy head are 

 masses of perfectly healthy lice. This is especially true of Savoy 

 varieties. Some gardeners have the idea that these varieties are more 

 free from insect injury than other kinds. Observations indicate that 

 this idea is simply due to an appearance contrary to the facts. Plant 

 lice curl the leaves of all cabbage more or less. The Savoys furnish 

 a natural protection for them. Any variety which forms a solid 

 head rapidly will have the advantage over slow heading varieties. 



Treatment. — Nearly as many remedies have been recommended 

 for this pest as for the cabbage worms. It should be remembered 

 that plant lice are only killed by insectides which smother or kill by 

 contact. None of the poisons will kill them. The best remedy is 

 kerosene emulsion diluted with ten parts of water. It should be 

 applied to the lower as well as the upper sides of the leaves. The 

 treatment should be begun when the lice make their appearance, 

 and the applications repeated as often as may be necessar}' to keep 

 them in check. 



