New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 387 



than air. Care should be taken not to breathe them. In treating 

 peas or beans with this substance it is placed in a shallow open vessel 

 upon the peas or beans and allowed to evaporate, using it at the rate 

 of about two small teaspoonfuls (two fluid drachms) to one cubic 

 foot of space in the bin or receptacle that holds the beans or peas. 

 It is well to cover the peas or beans with boards or blankets when 

 they are being treated. Carbon bisulphide costs about ten cents per 

 pound in tiftj pound cans. 



Hellebore. — Fresh white hellebore should be obtained. Mix one 

 ounce in three gallons of water and apply for insects that chew. It is 

 commonly used against the worms that infest currant and gooseberry 

 foliage as it may safely be used even when the fruit is developing. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — This is made by dissolving one-half pound 

 of either common soap or whale oil soap, in one gallon of soft water. 

 Heat the mixture and when boiling hot remove it from near the 

 Are and add it to two gallons of kerosene. The whole is now 

 thoroughly mixed by pumping continuously through a small force 

 pump for from five to ten minutes. Mix until the ingredients form 

 a creamy mass that becomes thick when cool and from which the oil 

 does not separate. When using on foliage dilute with from ten to 

 fifteen parts of waters ; when used as a winter treatment it may be 

 applied as strong as one part of the mixture to four parts of water. 

 In diluting the stock emulsion first use three or four parts of boiHng 

 water and then dilute to the required strength. Soak off with paper 

 any free oil that appears on the surface as it will work injury if ap 

 plied to the plant. This emulsion is used to kill insects that have 

 sucking mouth parts ; it is not a poison but kills by contact. 



The emulsion causes rubber valves to swell and clog the tubes in 

 which they work. Where rubber balls are used for valves they 

 should be replaced with glass or marble balls when using the pump 

 for kerosene emulsion. 



London Purple. — This, like Paris green, is an arsenical poison 

 and is used against insects in the same way that Paris green is, and 

 about the same proportion. 



Paris Green. — This is used to poison insects that have biting 

 mouth parts. It may be applied either in the dry form or in a 

 spi'ay. When the spray is used the Paris green may be combined 

 \nth Bordeaux mixture, or it may be applied mixed with water. In 

 either case the same amount of poison is used. For pomaceous, or 

 kernel fruits, one pound of Paris green to one hundred and fifty or 



