544 Report of the Mycologist of the 



affected. Everywhere, the wild crab trees were conspicuous because 

 of the Roestelia on their leaves. 



On Long Island, the summer of 1894 was very dry. The red 

 cedar grows spontaneously here and is very common. May 15, 

 1895, we searched very carefully through a large grove of red cedars 

 standing near an orchard and found only th7'ee cedar apples. At 

 Westbury, N, Y., a red cedar standing in the midst of a nursery, 

 bore only two cedar apples. At Queens, K. Y., three red cedar 

 trees grew on one side of a road on the other side of which was an 

 orchard. Not a single cedar apple could be found on the cedars. 



yill. " BELTED " APPLES AND PEAKS, 



During the past two seasons, apples and pears in New York State 

 have been affected in a peculiar way. Fruits, otherwise perfect, were 

 surrounded near the apex by a russet zone. In some cases this zone 

 was ver}' narrow, while in others it occupied as much as one-third 

 of the entire surface of the fruit ; generally, it extended clear to the 

 calyx, but sometimes, (particularly on apples) a small area immedi- 

 ately surrounding the calyx retained — the normal color of the 

 fruit. 



By some, the cause 'has been attributed to the use of Bordeaux 

 mixture, but this theory is shown to be erroneous by the fact 

 that the " belted " apples and pears are frequently found in un- 

 sprayed orchards. However, it appears probable that, in certain sea- 

 sons, spraying with Bordeaux mixture tends to aggravate the 

 trouble. Any slight irritation of the skin of apples and pears may 

 result in the formation^ of russet cork cells. Spraying mixtures 

 sometimes furnish ;the^necessary irritation. Beach, ^ Green, ^ Jones, ^ 

 Lodeman * and others have observed that russetted fruit may result 

 from spraying; but in such, cases the russet blotches are scattered 

 irregularly over the surface instead of being arranged in the form of 

 a well defined belt, as^ln the present case. I fully agree with G. 



1 New York Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 84, pp. 24-33. 



2 Ohio Exp. Sta. Bull. No 48, p. 12 ; Proc. Western Hort. Soc, 1894, p. 65. 



3 Garden and Forest, Vol. VII, 1894, p. 497. 



4 Garden and Forest, Vol. VII, 1894, p. 456 ; Cornell Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 88, pp. 53 and 62. 

 Mr. Lodeman uses the word "rust" to designate this rou<?h, yellow-brown appearance, I 

 consider the term objectionable in this connection as it is liable to lead to confusion. "Rust" 

 has long been the common and appropriatie name of a fungus disease of pomaceous fruits 

 caused by Roestelia spp. 



