New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 579 



aud contains about 5,00U trees. On either side of the orchard is a 

 gully, bordered on the sides nearest the orchard by a moderate 

 growth of timber. The prevailing winds during the winter in this 

 section are from the south, following the lake. 



When the writer visited this orchard, in November, 1894, it was 

 very badly infested with the scale. Indeed, it was one of the worst 

 infested orchards in that vicinity. Nearly every tree was black, 

 from the highest branches to the ground, from the effects of the 

 fungus wldcli grows in the honey dew secreted by the scales. The 

 young scales were abundant on every tree. This was especially 

 true in the southwest corner of the orchard, which is protected to a 

 considerable extent on both south and west, by a dense growth of 

 young trees. Mr. Wright, superintendent of the orchard, tells me 

 that the scale was first noticed in this section of the orchard, and 

 that it began to spread along the borders of the woods, and finally, 

 in 1894, westward through the orchard. As has already been inti- 

 )nated, this orchard was visited from time to time during the winter 

 and following spring. The orchard was again carefully examined 

 during the latter part of June. The change which had taken place 

 was remai-kable. The scales were practically all dead throughout the 

 orchard, excepting on a few trees along the woods on the south and 

 in the southwestern corner above referred to. Here a number of 

 frees still harbored live scales. There seemed to be no other reason 

 for their remaining alive on these particular trees, excepting for the 

 fact that they were sheltered from the severe south and westward 

 winds which prevail in that section. 



Another orchard not far from this one and on the same side of 

 the lake, was not found infested to any extent excepting in two 

 places, one which was partially protected by woods in a manner 

 similar to the above, and the other where the ground sloped away 

 from the lake. In both these places there were a few infested 

 trees, while the remainder of the orchard including many trees of 

 the same varieties and under exactly the same cultivation, were 

 practically free from the scale. 



Three orchards at Geneva also illustrates the apparent effect of 

 the cold wind upon the scales. In one of them a number of trees 

 are planted between rows of large apple trees, while the remainder 

 of the orchard contains plum trees alone. Nearly all of the trees in 

 that orchard which were infested with the scale were between 



