New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 5^1 



Winter TreaUnent. — The following gives the number of trees, 

 sprayed in Koveinber and December. As a matter of interest the 

 cost per tree for the emulsion is given together with the condition 

 of the weather at the time of application, as the force of the wind 

 is an important factor in the application of liquid insecticides nnder 

 these circumstances. In hguring the cost of the emulsion kerosene 

 oil is vahied at .066 per gallon, the price paid for it by the barrel at 

 Hector in November, 1894, and soap at .04 per pound.* The cost of 

 labor is not included. In all of the experiments a force pumj? and 

 two n''zzles were used, requiring three men. 



The following experiments were made in one of Maxwell Brothers' 

 orchards at Geneva. All of the trees sprayed were eleven-year-old 

 plum trees : 



Experiment No. 1. — November 16, 1894, 67 trees were sprayed 

 with 4|- gallons of kerosene emulsion diluted to one part of the 

 emulsion to fonr parts of water. The wind was very light and 

 hence but comparatively little of the emulsion was blown away. 

 The cost per tree, for the emulsion only, was less than one cent, in 

 actual figures -^ of one cent. Nearly all of these trees were very 

 badly infested with the scale. Three of the worst infested trees 

 were left as checks. 



Experiment No. 2. — November 17, 55 trees were sprayed with 

 44^ gallons of kerosene emulsion diluted to one part of the emulsion 

 to six parts of water. A strong wind was blowing and hence much 

 of the emulsion was wasted. The emulsion cost -^ cents per tree. 

 Three badly infested trees were left as checks. 



Experimsnt No. 3. — In this experiment the emulsion was made 

 with milk and kerosene oil after the following formula, given in 

 Farmers' Bulletin No. 19 of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 12: 



Kerosent' 2 gallons. 



Milk (i^oui) 1 gallon. 



In making the milk emulsion heating is unnecessary, but it should 

 be thoroughly mixed as with the kerosene and soap emulsion. This 

 emulsion was diluted the same as in experiment two, and applied 

 upon 4""> trees. The cost of the emulsion was not figured. 



The following experiments were conducted in the plum orchard 

 of T. Smith & Sons, at Hector, N. Y. In this orchard the trees 



* Scrap .Moaj) which will answer for this purpose may often be obtained from the soap 

 factories at a much lower price. 



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