New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 593 



scales on trees sprayed with the weaker emulsions showed the same 

 efiEects to a slight degree. ^ 



At Geneva a better opportunity to observe the effects of the 

 treatment was given. But very few of the scales on trees in the 

 section of the orchard where the spraying was done were killed by 

 the cold weather. The results of the treatment in this orchard may 

 be briefly summed up as follows : The trees were observed several 

 times during the spring and summer. The last observation was 

 made September 10. At this time the check trees (trees not 

 sprayed) were blackened and unsightly. The young scales were 

 abundant on the leaves. Trees sprayed with the emnlsion diluted 

 with four parts of water, and those sprayed with the emulsion 

 diluted with six parts of water were to all appearance practically 

 free from the scale. In only two or three cases were any traces of 

 the scale found on the sprayed trees, and these were very slight, 

 while the check trees remained fully as badly infested as the season 

 previous. 



Spring Treatment. — A number of infested plum trees in the 

 orchard at Hector were sprayed in May, about the time that the 

 scales began their rapid growth. The emulsion was at first used 

 very weak, but it was soon evident that it had little or no effect. 

 The time required for application and the cost of the emulsion were 

 not figured in these experiments or the others which follow. 



Experiment No. 1. — May 23, 24 trees were sprayed with kerosene 

 emulsion diluted with fifteen parts of water. 



Experiment No. 2. — May 23, 35 trees were sprayed with kerosene 

 emulsion diluted with nine parts of water. 



Results. — Most of the scales in this orchard were dead at this 

 time, evidently from the effects of the severe winter weather and 

 the cold winds from the lake, and hence, although these trees were 

 comparatively well sheltered, but comparatively few living scales 

 were found upon them. As was expected, however, the weaker 

 emulsion had no apparent effect, and very slight if any effects could 

 be detected on trees sprayed with the stronger emulsion, excepting 

 occasionally where the scales had made but very little grQwth. 



Summer Treatment. — As previously stated the young scales 



emerge during the latter part of June or early in July. For a short 



time they move about upon the limbs and twigs. Naturally these 



young scales are more susceptible to the action of the kerosene 



38 



