608 Keport of Entomologists of the 



For this reason the petroleum emulsion was applied as soon as the 

 migration commenced. 



The final results were as follows : The plants ti-eated with the 

 crude petroleum emulsion had verj few leaves left on them. Prob- 

 ably 80 per cent, of all the young scales which issued during 

 the period of treatment were killed. The plants treated with kero- 

 sene emulsion retained nearly aJl their leaves. They were also well 

 supplied with live young " Pernicious Scales." Possibly 50 per 

 cent, were killed. Approximately all the exposed young were 

 killed by both emulsions at each application. The young which 

 issued between the intervals of application of the washes and became 

 partially protected with the forming scale were rarely affected by 

 the kerosene emulsion, while with the petroleum emulsion many 

 of the partially protected young were killed. Although on the 

 morning of July 2d, hardly a living young scale could be found 

 crawling on the plants sprayed with crude petroleum emulsion the 

 previous day, the afternoon of the day following nearly as many 

 could be sfen as before treatment. 



The exact date at which the first brood of females ceased to issue 

 from beneath the parent scales can not be given. Winged males 

 for the second brood were found August 16th. 



Linseed-oil and Whale-oil Soap. — Between the first and fifteenth 

 of August, ^fr. Foulk trimmed about one hundred each of one and 

 two year old apple and peach trees and had the dirt removed from 

 their crowns. Half of each of these he washed, from the branches 

 to the exposed roots, with whale-oil soap, using two pounds of soap 

 to a gallon of water. The remaining 50 of each he painted with raw 

 linseed oil. 



These trees were thoroughly inspected August 21. With the ex- 

 ception of a few young which had migrated from the untreated 

 branches nnto the body where the whale-oil soap had been removed 

 by rain, not a living specimen could be found. At that time no in- 

 jury to any of the trees was noticeable. 



As the linseed oil could be applied thoroughly more readily than 

 the whale-oil soap* solution, Mr. Foulk proceeded to trim, remove 



* Whale-oil soap solution lathers to such an extent that it is difficult for workmen to tell 

 how thoroughly they are applying it. Linseed oil not only spreads nicely but it remains on 

 the trees longer, besides every spot missed with the brush shov s distinctly. It also show* 

 distinctlf where the tree is infested as the discoloration of the bark caused by the live scale 

 is brought out. 



